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題名：空運中心擁擠定價與尖峰降落費之研究
書刊名：運輸計劃
作者：張學孔／凃保民
作者(外文)：Chang, Shyue Koong／Tu, Bau-min
出版日期：1997
卷期：26:2
頁次：頁281-326
主題關鍵詞：空運中心；降落費；擁擠定價；時間帶長度；Hub airports；Landing fees；Congestion pricing；Band
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 共同引用共同引用:7
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　　　　　本研究主要針對空運中心尖峰時段降落費及擁擠定價之相關課題進行探討。機場在 擴建或新建時皆需鉅大的投資，且在時效上常緩不濟急，如何透過經濟的手段，使機場設施能 充分利用，同時在兼顧航空公司與乘客權益下，訂定合理的空運中心降落費收費標準，實為航 空運輸發展上必須審慎研究的課題。研究中首先比較各國空運中心之降落費與營運特性。經統 計結果，中正機場降落費高居世界之冠；就亞太地區而言，費率略高於東京成田機場，但比起 鄰近的香港啟德機場與新加坡樟宜機場高出約五成。其次，本研究建立數學模式探討空運中心 之降落費訂定策略。研究中以單一空運中心之旅客運輸為討論對象，在考量旅次需求型態為固 定的情形下，以航空器接受塔台進場管制至離開塔台離場管制之時段為研究範圍。本研究以平 均成本定價法來決定非尖峰時段之降落費，以期能在收支平衡下避免造成經營單位虧損及政府 補貼；而在尖峰時段，則以機場擁擠所造成之額外成本及空運中心乘客之轉機效益為主要考慮 因素，在社會邊際成本定價法的原則下，以系統總成本最小為目標決定最佳的尖峰降落費及時 間帶長度。最後，並以中正國際機場為實例應用分析之對象，模擬分析其在不同空運中心情境 下的降落費與相關成本，以驗證模式之合理性。此項研究成果，可提供未來空運中心訂定降落 費之參考依據；而研究中建立的分析模式，可以作為評估最適降落費與時間帶的基礎。
　　　　　This research analyzes the peak landing fees and congestion pricing of hub airports. It has been recognized that building or extending airport facilities is time-consumed and needs heavy capital investment, so the application of economic approach to enhancing efficiency of the airport facilities is quite desirable. Operation environments and landing fees of hub airport at various countries are first compared in this study. It is found that the fare rate for landing fees of Chiang Kai-Shed(CKS)International Airport is the highest around the world. It is a little higher than that of Tokyo's Narita Airport, and fifty percent higher than that of airports at Hong Kong and Siingapore. Also, analytic mathematical models are developed for jointly optimizing landing fees and band at hub airports. Total cost function, composed of operation cost of airports, operation costs of airlines, and time cost of travellers, is formulated for a single hub airport considered in this model. Average cost pricing is used in off-peak period for avoiding loss and subsidy for operator, while social marginal cost pricing is applied in peak period. Analysis has also been conducted for considering the external congestion cost and transfer benefit of travellers at the hub airport. The peak landing fees and band are optimally determined with objective of minimum total cost. The model is applied to CKS International Airport for varification of model's applicability. Senario analysis is also conducted to evaluate the different development strategies for CKS International Airport. Optima guidelines for determining the landing fees and congestion price at hub airports are provided based on results of this study.
期刊論文
1.Oum, T.、Zhang, Y.(1990)。Airport pricing: congestion tolls, lumpy investment and cost recovery。Journal of Public Economics，43(3)，353-374。  new window
2.Crowley, R. W.(1973)。A Case Study of the Effects of an Airport on Land Values。Journal of Transport Economics and Policy，7(2)，144-152。  new window
3.Vickrey, W. S.(1969)。Congestion Theory and Transport Investment。The American Economic Review，59(2)，251-260。  new window
4.Abelson, P. W.(1977)。The Policy Problems and Economics of Aircraft Noise。Transportation Research，11，357-364。  new window
5.Baxter, W. F.、Altree, L. R.(1972)。Legal Aspects of Airport Noise。The Journal of Law and Economics，15(1)，1-114。  new window
6.Borins, S.(1978)。Pricing and Investment in a Transportation Network: The Case of Toronto Airport。The Canadian Journal of Economics，11(4)，680-700。  new window
7.Brander, J. R. G.、Cook, B. A.、Rowcroft, J. E.(1988)。Auctioning Runway Slots: Long Run Implications。Transportation Research Forum，29(1)，35-43。  new window
8.Carlin, A.、Park, R. E.(1970)。Marginal Cost Pricing of Airport Runway Capacity。The American Economic Review，60(3)，310-319。  new window
9.Carlin, A.、Park, R. E.(1970)。A Model of Long Delays at Busy Airports。Journal of Transport Economics and Policy，4(1)，37-52。  new window
10.Creager, S. E.(1983)。Airline Deregulation and Airport Regulation。The Yale Law Journal，93(2)，319-339。  new window
11.Daniel, J.(1991)。Peak-Load-Congestion Pricing of Hub Airport Operations with Endogenous Scheduling and Traffic-Flow Adjustments at Minneapolis - St. Paul Airport。Transportation Research Record，1298，1-13。  new window
12.Daniels, A.、Bach, W.(1976)。Simulation of the Environmental Impact of an Airport on the Surrounding Air Quality。Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association，26(3)，339-344。  new window
13.Deen, T. R.(1993)。Congestion Pricing。TR News，167，3-10。  new window
14.De Neufville, R.、Mira, L. J.(1974)。Optimal Pricing Policies for Air Transport Networks。Transportation Research，8，181-192。  new window
15.Doganis, R. S.、Thompson, G. F.(1974)。Establishing Airport Cost and Revenue Functions。The Aeronautical Journal，78(763)，285-304。  new window
16.Dubey, P.(1982)。The Shapley Value as Aircraft Landing Fees Revisited。Management Science，28(8)，869-874。  new window
17.Fawcett, S. E.、Fawcett, S. A.(1988)。Congestion at Capacity-Constrained Airports: A Question of Economics and Realism。Transportation Journal，27(4)，42-54。  new window
18.Findlay, C. C.(1983)。Optimal Air Fares and Flight Frequency and Market Results。Journal of Transport Economics and Policy，17(1)，49-66。  new window
19.Fisher, J. B.(1989)。Managing Demand to Reduce Airport Congestion and Delays。Transportation Research Record，1218，1-10。  new window
20.Freeman, A. M. III(1974)。On Estimation Air Pollution Control Benefits from Land Value Studies。Journal of Environmental Economics and Management，1(1)，74-83。  new window
21.Gillen, D. W.、Oum, T. H.、Tretheway, M. W.(1988)。Airport Pricing Policies: An Application to Canadian Airports。Transportation Research Forum，29(1)，28-34。  new window
22.Kanafani, A.、Ghobrial, A. A.(1985)。Airline Hubbing: Some Implications for Airport Economics。Transportation Research Part A: General，19(1)，15-27。  new window
23.Kanafani, A.、Yuan, H. S.(1979)。Cost Forecasting for International Airline Operations。Transportation Research Record，732，15-24。  new window
24.Levine, M. E.(1969)。Landing Fees and the Airport Congestion Problem。The Journal of Law and Economics，12(1)，79-108。  new window
25.Littlechild, G. F.、Thompson, G. F.(1977)。Aircraft Landing Fees: A Game Theory Approach。The Bell Journal of Economics，8(1)，186-204。  new window
26.Mayer, C. J.(1988)。The Late, Late Show: How a Priority Flight System Can Reduce the Cost of Air Traffic Delays。Transportation Research Record，1161，14-23。  new window
27.Monroe, J. E.(1989)。Practical Methods for Shifting General Aviation Traffic from Commercial Service Airports to Reliever Airports。Transportation Research Record，1218，11-19。  new window
28.Morrison, S. A.(1987)。The Equity and Efficiency of Runway Pricing。Journal of Public Economics，34(1)，45-60。  new window
29.Morrison, S. A.(1982)。The Structure of Landing Fees at Uncongested Airports: An Application of Ramsey Pricing。Journal of Transport Economics and Policy，16(2)，151-159。  new window
30.Nelson, Jon P.(1982)。Highway Noise and Property Values。Journal of Transport Economics and Policy，16(2)，117-138。  new window
31.Smith, J. J.(1979)。User Charges and the Canadian Airlines。The Logistics and Transportation Review，15(5)，609-622。  new window
32.Starkie, D.(1986)。Efficient and Politic Congestion Tolls。Transportation Research，20A(2)，169-173。  new window
33.TRB(1990)。Airport System Capacity: Strategic Choices。Special Report，226。  new window
34.Vickrey, W.(1968)。Congestion Charges and Welfare。Journal of Transport Economics and Policy，2(1)，107-118。  new window
35.Walters, A. A.(1978)。Airports - An Economic Survey。Journal of Transport Economics and Policy，12(2)，125-160。  new window
36.Wheeler, C. F.(1989)。Strategies for Maximizing the Profitability of Airline Hub-and-Spoke Networks。Transportation Research Record，1214，1-9。  new window
37.李克聰、張學孔(19930900)。Effects of Cargo Operations on Hub Airport Design。中國土木水利工程學刊，5(3)，203-215。  延伸查詢new window
38.徐森妹、De Vany, A. S.(19751000)。價格與加入管制對航空公司運量、容量與效率之影響。運輸計劃，4(4)，104-116。new window  延伸查詢new window
39.張淑娟、王小娥、張有恆(19920900)。臺灣地區國內航空業成本結構之研究。運輸計劃，21(3)，335-365。new window  延伸查詢new window
40.Baumol, William J.、Bradford, David F.(1970)。Optimal departures from marginal cost pricing。American Economic Review，60(3)，265-283。  new window
研究報告
1.徐小波、薛琦、杜震華、劉紹樑(1994)。在臺灣設立亞太營運中心可行性研究。台北：遠東經濟研究顧問社。  延伸查詢new window
2.張靖、韓復華、李堯賢(1996)。機場噪音費徵收標準之研究--以中正國際機場為例 (計畫編號：NSC 85-2213-E-216-005)。  延伸查詢new window
3.張有恆、王小娥(1995)。民用航空機場降落費之研究。成大交通管理研究所。  延伸查詢new window
4.鄭傳耀(1993)。台灣地區發展空運中心之可行性研究。美聯科技公司。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.林如蘋(1996)。機場航空噪音費徵收之研究--以中正機場為例(碩士論文)。國立交通大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.涂保民(1994)。空運中心降落費與擁擠定價之研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.陳于光(1978)。國際機場之空運需求預測與經營分析(碩士論文)。交通大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.林信得、凌鳳儀(1993)。航空運輸學。文笙書局。  延伸查詢new window
2.Burington, R. S.(1973)。Handbook of Mathematical Tables and Formulas。New York：McGraw-Hill。  new window
3.Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation(1983)。Airport Capacity and Delay。  new window
4.Federal Aviation Administration(1989)。FAA Aviation Forecasts Fiscal Years 1989-2000。Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation。  new window
5.Grether, D. M.、Isaac, R. M.、Plott, C. R.(1989)。The Allocation of Scarce Resources。Westview Press。  new window
6.International Civil Aviation Organization(1992)。Manual of Airport and Air Navigation Facility Tariffs。Canada：Quebec。  new window
7.中正國際航空站(1989)。中正國際機場年鑑。  延伸查詢new window
8.中正國際航空站(1992)。中正國際機場年鑑。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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