Under the competitive environment in the port industry, the container ports have to gain competitive advantages to survive. This paper examines the challenges and pressures of port industry from three aspects. The first view is taken from the aspect of the changes in shipping industry, for which the impact on port industry was introduced. The second view is taken from the aspect of the efficiency of management, which determines the utilisation of resources. The final part of this paper is to examine the factors which influence the competitive advantages in port industry. The performances of major Asian ports were also examined. As port authorities in Taiwan are going to face more severe challenges from neighbouring ports, knowing the factors which influence the competitive advantages in the port industry will help them to survive in the game.