Diabetes is one of the most epidemic chronic diseases at the present time. With the aid of the treatment with advanced medicine, a diabetic can live much longer than ever before but has to face the many problems coming along with a chronic disease. This article tries to use Orem's theory of self-care as a basis to explore the numerous problems which were encountered by a diabetic who was hospitalized because of the complications of diabetes and infected urinary canal and who knew nothing about diabetes although she had lived with the disease for twenty years. The nursing lasted from August 10, 1996 to August 22, 1996. Armed with observations, interviews, and analyses and syntheses of the six records of the nurse-and-patient interaction, the writer tries in the nursing process to apply the Orem's nursing system to evaluate and establish the four major issues of dormant body temperature change, functional obstacles of physical movement, more nutrition than needed by body and the impaired organizational integrity caused by deficiency of knowledge--and provide remedialnursing measures to help the patient to have a better knowledge of the disease to deal with the complications, and at the same time guide the patient's family members to help the patient to take care of herself and tide over the period of uncertainty during sickness.