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題名：全語教學在小學實施的難題與策略
書刊名：國民教育研究學報
作者：沈添鉦 引用關係／黃秀文 引用關係
作者(外文)：Shen, Tien-cheng／Huang, Hsio-wen
出版日期：1998
卷期：4
頁次：頁35-67
主題關鍵詞：全語教學；小學；實施
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(6) 博士論文(5) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 點閱點閱:33
　　　　　本研究嘗試在小學實施全語教學，並從試驗的過程中，瞭解在國內實施全語教學 的難題，進而提出因應策略。本研究在一個嘉義鄉村的三年級班級和一個嘉義市區的五年級 教室，各進行了一個多學期的全語教學。本研究採用質的研究方法，以參與觀察、錄影、訪 問、作品蒐集等手段，進行資料蒐集；資料分析則以文字的描述性分析為主。 　　本研究發現在國內小學班級實施全語所遭遇的困難，主要包括：缺乏實務經驗，缺乏便 利的教學資源，國語課程與全語課程的衝突，時間的壓力，傳統與現實的束縛，全語的內涵 難以落實，以及高品質的小組互動模式有待建立等等。針對這些困難或問題，本文也提出了 因應方法的討論。在教學方面，本研究提出了三點建議：（一）全語教學必須強調全語的內 涵，而非活動的形式或硬體的設施。（二）推行全語必須加強觀念的溝通，改變教育的制度 與環境。（三）建立良好的互動氣氛與模式，培養學生主動負責任的學習態度。在研究方面 ，本研究提出三個未來後續研究的方向：全語教師的改變歷程；學生的寫作發展；以及全語 的應用研究。
　　　　　In this paper we report some difficulties encountered in the processes of implementing the whole language approach in a third grade classroom and a fifth grade classroom in Taiwan, where literacy education has long established a strong tradition in behaviorist beliefs and practices. Qualitative methods such as participant observation, video and audio taping interview, document analysis were used in data collection. Analysis of data was mainly descriptive. 　　Some major difficulties we encountered include: lack of experiences and resources, time pressure, conflicts between whole language beliefs and practices and traditional beliefs and practices, superficiality in conducting whole language activities, and in some cases, lack of friendly and efficient group interaction structures. Measures for dealing with these problems are suggested and discussed in the paper. 　　For educational practices we have the following suggestions: 1)In implementing whole language, the emphasis should be put on the realization of the whole language beliefs and principles, not on the form of instructional activities or the availability of certain facilities. 2)It is necessary to try to change the traditional beliefs and values about teaching and learning in the society so as to create a more friendly environment for whole language. 3)It is important to establish clear and supportive interaction structures in a classroom and to develop students' motivation to learn and sense of responsibility. 　　For further research, we suggest that further research should be conducted to investigate the processes in which a teacher using traditional method changes into a whole language practitioner, to look into students' writing development, and to identify ways to efficiently implement whole language in Taiwan's elementary schools.
期刊論文
1.沈添鉦、黃秀文(19970600)。全語教學在小學語文課實施的活動設計舉隅。教師之友，38(3)，30-36。  延伸查詢new window
2.黃秀文、沈添鉦(19971000)。全語教學在小學語文課實施的活動設計舉隅。教師之友，38(4)，27-32。  延伸查詢new window
3.Bridge, C.、Hiebert, E. H.(1985)。A comparison of classroom writing practices, teachers' perceptions of their writing instruction, and textbook recommendations on writing practices。Elementary School Journal，86，155-172。  new window
4.Altwerger, B.、Edelsky, C.、Flores, B. M.(1987)。Whole language: What's new?。The Reading Teacher，41，144-154。  new window
5.Farris, P.、Kaczmarski, D.(1988)。Whole language, a closer look。Contemporary Education，59，77-81。  new window
6.Hiebert, E. R.、Fisher, C. W.(1990)。Whole language: Three themes for the future。Educational Leadership，47，62-66。  new window
7.Goodman, K.、Goodman, Y.(1977)。Learning about psycholinguistic process by analyzing oral reading。Harvard Educational Review，47，317-333。  new window
8.Newman, J. M.、Church, S. M.(1990)。Myths of whole language。The Reading Teacher，44，20-26。  new window
9.Walcott, F.(1949)。The limitations of grammar。University of Michigan School of Education Bulletin，19，48-51。  new window
10.Pellegrini, A. D.、Galda, L.(1993)。Ten years after: A reexamination of symbolic play and literacy research。Reading research Quarterly，28，163-175。  new window
11.沈添鉦(19911000)。簡介「全語言」的語文教學。教師之友，32(4)，27-32。  延伸查詢new window
12.黃秀文(19941000)。全語淺探。教師之友，35(4)，9-11。  延伸查詢new window
13.沈添鉦(19961200)。試從行為主義、建構主義與社會建構主義三個觀點評析全語教學。教師之友，37(5)，24-32。  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.沈添鉦、黃秀文(1997)。全語教學在國小實施的個案報告。八十六學年度師範院校教育學術論文發表會。花蓮。  延伸查詢new window
2.沈添鉦、黃秀文(1997)。全語教學在國小實施的個案報告：以一個五年級班級為例。師範學院實小八十六學年度國語文教學策略理論與實務整合發表會。嘉義：嘉師實小。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.沈添鉦、黃秀文(1997)。全語教學在小學實施的成效、困難與策略之研究 (計畫編號：NSC-86-2411-H-023-001)。  延伸查詢new window
2.McCarthey, S. J.、Hoffman, J. V.、Stahle, D.、Elliott, B.、Dressman, M.、Abbott, J.(1994)。"Very sweet, but very very slow" How teachers' "Ways of Knowing" are reflected in their assumptions about students。Austin：University of Texas。  new window
3.McCarthey, S. J.、Raphael, T. E.(1989)。Alternative perspectives of reading /writing connections。Michigan State University, Institute for Research on Teaching。  new window
學位論文
1.黃繼仁(1997)。美國小學全語言教學之研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Chomsky, Noam Avram(1965)。Aspects of a theory of syntax。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。  new window
2.Bissex, G. L.(1980)。GNYS AT WRK: A child learns to write and read。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
3.Applebee, A. N.(1984)。Writing in the secondary school。Urban, IL：National Council of Teachers of English。  new window
4.Clay, M. M.(1972)。Reading: The patterning of complex behavior。Auckland：Heinemann Educational Books。  new window
5.Goodman, K.(1986)。What's whole in whole language?。Portsmouth, NH：Heinemann Educational Books, Inc.。  new window
6.Newman, J.(1985)。Whole language: Theory in use。Portsmouth, NH：Heinemann。  new window
7.Morrow, M. L.(1993)。Literacy development in the early years。MA：Allyn & Bacon。  new window
8.Smith, F.(1982)。Understanding reading。New York：Holt Rinehart & Winston。  new window
9.Piaget, J.(1926)。The language and thought of the child。Orlando, FL：New York：Harcourt Brace Jovanovich：New American Library。  new window
10.黃瑞琴(1993)。幼兒的語文經驗。臺北：五南圖書出版股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
11.Clay, M. M.(1975)。What did I write?。Auckland。  new window
12.Durkin, D.(1966)。Children who read early。New York：Teachers College Press。  new window
13.Teale, W. H.、Sulzby, E.(1986)。Emergent literacy: Writing and reading。Norwood, NJ：Ablex。  new window
14.Goodlad, J. I.(1984)。A Place Called School: Prospects for the Future。New York, NY：McGraw-Hill Book Company。  new window
圖書論文
1.DeBoer, J.(1961)。Grammar in language teaching。Research in composition and related skills。Champaign, IL：National Council of Teachers of English。  new window
2.Goodman, Y.(1984)。The development of initial literacy。Awakening to literacy。Exeter, NH：Heinemann。  new window
 
 
 
 
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