This paper studies the impact of Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) program on firms' investment and hiring decisions. Our survey shows that the impact of NHI on firms' investment is less significant than it is on hiring decisions. The impact on firms' hiring decisions is most significant for firms of small size and in the service sector. Our empirical study also shows that prospects for future earnings, the export ratio, domestic competition, firm size, and the labor costs ratio are the most important factors affecting firms' investment decisions. This result is consistent with our survey that the NHI program has only a minor impact on firms' investment decisions. However, study of long-term of NHI is yet to be undertaken.