This paper discusses adultery cases based on the files of the Ching Dynasty's Ministry of Punishments. From the legal perspective, Ching laws stipulated punishments against adulters, and forbade husbands selling off or dismissing their wives, yet, in reality, these cases were not prosecuted by the Ya-men unless a charge had been filed. This led to the extension of adultery practice for several years. However, in cases when a man seduced women to elope or killed a woman's husband, then these so called family problems turned into an criminal issue of peace and order, authorities like the Security Grand Head (pao-chang), Community Compact (hsiang-yueh) and Suboffical Functionary (hsu-di) spared no effort to pursue the case, and the culprits eventually are brought to justice. The seriousness with which adultery cases were handled in the Ching Dynasty was attributed to coordination between social opinion and order, as well as the smooth enforcement of laws. Adultery cases give an idea on the disparity between male and female populations during the Ching Dynasty and especially among mass migration societies. Newly populated areas usually had a higher incidence of adultery. In the early days of the dynasty, for instance, women were forbidden to immigrate to Taiwan, a situation that easily led to adultery and sodomy. Furthermore, adultery was not merely committed for sexual reasons; it was also a matter of the lifestyle for the lower class. Poor men who could hardly offer the expenses of marriage, they would try to marry a wife by resorting to seduction or adultery. Sometimes, they would accept adultery in order to remain in marital union with a woman for procreation purpose. Financial aids or material interests were the other strong drives It was not unusual that widows and husbands would put up with adultery in order to receive some material gains from this arrangement. Judging by these adultery cases, it seemed that, Kuan Chung's statement that "honor and humiliation come after satisfying man's basic needs" would appears closer to the mentality of the ordinary folks rather than any lofty moral standards enshrined. Such saying, as those by the Sung Confucian Cheng-yi, "dying of hunger is a matter of small significance while losing one's chastity is a grave issue," was not a standard followed by the ordinary populace.