冷戰後時期的中共與日本，由於分別以邁向經濟大國(中共)與政治大國(日本)為 重要的國家發展目標，與鄰近的地緣關係，使兩國關係呈現「又合作又競爭」的現象，以及 「政冷經熱」的態勢。對此，本文擬從國家利益變遷與外交政策演變的角度切入，觀察中共 與日本在後冷戰時期形成「又合作又競爭」關係的因素，並扼要展望雙邊關係遠景。

　　　　　In the post Cold-War era, the chief national development objective of the People's Republic of China is to become a major economic power while that of Japan is to become a first-rate political power. Because of their respective objectives and geographical proximity, both cooperation and competition have become important elements in their bilateral relations, though the warmth that permeates their economic ties does not exist in their political relations. This article attempts to outline the factors shaping this cooperative-competitive relationship between mainland China and Japan from the perspective of thechanges in their national interests and policies. A brief forecast of their bilateral relations is also provided.