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題名：Evolution of Cooperation with a Knowledgeable Mutant
書刊名：人文及社會科學集刊
作者：楊春雷 引用關係
作者(外文)：Yang, Chun-lei
出版日期：1999
卷期：11:2
頁次：頁155-182
主題關鍵詞：囚徒難局；謹慎的鴿子；動態下的穩定共生；合作長在；Prisoners' dilemma；Cautious dove；Dynamic；Attracting sets；Persistence of cooperation
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　　　　　經濟理論的一個中心命題是，社會如何解決在“囚徒難局"(prisoners’dilemma) 下的合作問題。本篇文章將一個可稱為“智慧性"(或"小心的")鴿子的結構型行為變種引進一 基本進化模型，此新型的特異處在於它每次與人交易時都要投入精力以辨別其交易夥伴的本 性以避免被剝削。我們可以證明，合作行為可以以長期穩定的混員均衡點或是穩定周期的形 式持續存在，且此結果適用於較大的一組滿足"可允住”及“可容性"條件的動態方程。值得 注意的是，我們的結果要求所有合作與不合作方式都持續出現，這與現實觀察頗符。
　　　　　How a society manages to solve the problem of cooperation in a prisoners-dilemma situation has been a major theme in economic theory. In the present paper, we develop an evolutionary model with a structural mutant called a knowledgeable (or cautious) dove, which is a dove in nature but one programmed to invest in gaining the ability to identify hawks and therefore avoiding their exploitation. We show that cooperative behavior can persist within a large class of admissible and compatible dynamics in the long run, either in the form of an asymptotically stable mixed population equilibrium or in the form of a stable cycle. Discussing other conceivable mutants, we argue that this persistent result is robust, which also matches our everyday observations -regarding both the persistence and differentiation of cooperative behavior quite well.
期刊論文
1.Frank, R. H.(1987)。If Homo Economicus Could Choose His Own Utility Function, Would He Want One with a Conscience?。The American Economic Review，77，593-604。  new window
2.Fudenberg, Drew、Maskin, Eric(1986)。The Folk Theorem in repeated Games with Discounting or with Incomplete Information。Econometrica，54(3)，533-554。  new window
3.Rosenthal, R.(1993)。Rules of thumb in games。J. of Econ. Beh. and Org.，22(1)，1-13。  new window
4.Binmore, K.、Samuelson, L.(1992)。Evolutionary Stability in Repeated Games Played by Finite Automata。Journal of Economic Theory，57，278-305。  new window
5.North, Douglass C.(1991)。Institutions。Journal of Economic Perspectives，5(1)，97-112。  new window
6.Kreps, David M.、Milgrom, Paul、Roberts, John、Wilson, Robert(1982)。Rational cooperation in the finitely repeated prisoners' dilemma。Journal of Economic theory，27(2)，245-252。  new window
7.Milgrom, P.(1984)。Axelrod's 'The Evolution of Cooperation'。The RAND Journal of Economics，15，305-309。  new window
8.Milgrom, P. R.、North, D.、Weingast, B. R.(1990)。The role of institutions in the revival of trade: The law merchant, private judges, and the champagne fairs。Economics and Politics，2，1-23。  new window
9.Friedman, Daniel(1991)。Evolutionary games in economics。Econometrica，59(3)，637-666。  new window
10.Amann, E.、楊春雷(1994)。Sophistication and the Persistence of Cooperation。Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization，37(1)，91-105。  new window
11.Gilboa, I.、Matsui, A.(1991)。Social Stability and Equilibrium。Econometrica，59，859-867。  new window
12.Ghosh, P.、Ray, D.(1997)。Cooperation in Community Interaction without Information Flow。The Review of Economic Studies。  new window
13.Kandori, Michihiro(1992)。Social Norms and Community Enforcement。The Review of Economic Studies，59，63-80。  new window
14.Mailath, G. J.(1992)。Introduction: Symposium on Evolutionary Game Theory。Journal of Economic Theory，57，259-277。  new window
15.Robson, A. J.(1990)。Efficiency in evolutionary games: Darwin, Nash and the Secret Handshake。Journal of Theoretical Biology，144，379-396。  new window
16.Rosenthal, R.(1981)。Games of imperfect information, predatory pricing and the Chain-Store paradox。Journal of Economic Theory，25，92-100。  new window
17.Friedman, D.(1991)。Evolutiionary Games in Economics。Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society，59，637-666。  new window
18.Robson, A. J.(1990)。Efficiency in evolutionary games: Darwin, Nash and the Secret Handshake。Journal of Theoretical Biology，144，379-396。  new window
研究報告
1.Banerjee, A.、Weibull, J. W.(1993)。Evolutionary Selection with Discriminating Players。0。  new window
2.Ellison, G.(1993)。Cooperation in the Prisoners' Dilemma with Anonymous Random Matching。0。  new window
3.Friedman, D.(1992)。Economically Applicable Evolutionary Games。0。  new window
4.Hollander, H.(1993)。The Demand for a Fair Share。0。  new window
圖書
1.Frank, Robert H.(1988)。Passions within Reasons: The Strategic Role of the Emotions。Passions within Reasons: The Strategic Role of the Emotions。New York。  new window
2.Smith, John(1982)。Evolution and the theory of games。Cambridge, UK：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Axelrod, Robert M.(1984)。The Evolution of Cooperation。Basic Books。  new window
4.Arnold, V.(1973)。Ordinary Differential Equations。Ordinary Differential Equations。沒有紀錄。  new window
5.Binmore, K.(1992)。Fun and Games。Fun and Games。Lexington。  new window
6.Frank, R. H.(1988)。Passions within Reasons: The Strategic Role of the Emotions。Passions within Reasons: The Strategic Role of the Emotions。New York, NY。  new window
7.Hirsch, M.、Smale, S.(1974)。Differential Equations, Dynamical Systems, and Linear Algebra。Differential Equations, Dynamical Systems, and Linear Algebra。沒有紀錄。  new window
8.Amann, E.、Yang, C. L.(1994)。Sophistication and the Persistence of Cooperation。Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization。  new window
9.Arnold, V.(1973)。Ordinary Differential Equations。Ordinary Differential Equations。  new window
10.Banerjee, Anukul Chandra、Weibull, J. W.(1993)。Evolutionary Selection with Discriminating Players。(No Information)。  new window
11.Binmore, K.(1992)。Fun and Games。Fun and Games。Lexington。  new window
12.Ellison, G.(1993)。Cooperation in the Prisoners' Dilemma with Anonymous Random Matching。(no information)。  new window
13.Friedman, D.(1992)。Economically Applicable Evolutionary Games。(no information)。  new window
14.Ghosh, P.、Ray, D.(1997)。Cooperation in Community Interaction without Information Flow。Review of Economic Studies。  new window
15.Hirsch, M.、Smale, S.(1974)。Differential Equations, Dynamical Systems, and Linear Algebra。Differential Equations, Dynamical Systems, and Linear Algebra。  new window
16.Hollander, H.(1993)。The Demand for a Fair Share。(no information)。  new window
 
 
 
 
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