歷史與文學之治學方法與問題之認知不盡相同，所以歷史與文學的整合研究，正 可以互補兩者的不足。尤其從事文學研究，不能捨文學作品的社會影響與作者之生平際遇於 不顧，就詩歌而言，蓋毛詩序嘗言:「詩者志之所之也，在心為志，發言為詩。」，顯然肯定 文學形式之一的詩歌是可以用來抒發己志的。而作者「志」之形成，不外二途;一為作者個人 之情性與修養，另則為外在環境之影響，而最重要的外在影響之一，即是歷史。 王安石在宋神宗朝，以無私、忘我的心境，極力推行新政，使他變成了歷史上頗富爭議 的人物。就個人言，安石對推行新法中的一些感觸或委屈,必會書之於詩，所以從變法的歷史 背景中去探求詩意，必有助於詮釋與瞭解。若就歷史研究的取證多角度言，王安石的自我陳 述，應該也是瞭解歷史真實面象的不可缺少之材料。本文即是基於此項觀點而論述的一系列 文章中之一篇。

　　　　　The way of doing scholarly research on history and literature and the epistemology of them might not be so exact. Thus, the integration of the research of history and literature is advantageous to improving each other through reciprocal help. Especially in the study and research of literature, we should not neglect the writer's biographical sketch and what he/she has encountered in his/her life. To draw on poetry, now, there is a short epigram in the preface of the Book of Odes edited by Mao Heng: "Poetry is an approach to one's ambition; voiced to be a poem, curdled to be an ambition." Obviously, this confirms the understanding of poetry as a literary form giving expression to the writer's ambition. And the formation of the writers ambition goes most likely two ways: one, the writer's personality and possession of profound knowledge and a sense of morality; two, the influence of exterior milieu. And history presents one of the most important exterior influences. Wang An-shih (1021-1086) implemented his political agenda with an altruistic turn of mind and obliviousness of self-existence. This led him to be an issue in history. To him, thoughts and feelings as well as grievances arose spontaneously during his execution of policy, and naturally he would write out his ambition in his poems. From the historical milieu of his political reform, we are helped by understanding his poems. Historical research into many of Wang An-shih's own statements would assist in understanding of the facts. This article is one of a series based on historical milieu.