美國一九九六年「個人責任與工作機會調節法案」之政策論證分析_

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題名：	美國一九九六年「個人責任與工作機會調節法案」之政策論證分析
書刊名：	中國行政評論
作者：	鄭麗嬌
作者(外文)：	Cheng, Lee-joy
出版日期：	1999
卷期：	8:2
頁次：	頁181-229
主題關鍵詞：	政策論證；政策主張；失依兒童家庭補助金；應享權益福利；概括式補助金；Policy arguments；Policy claims；AFDC；Entitlement welfare；Block grants
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:3 共同引用:0 點閱:118

　　　　　對於社會福利一詞，美國社會存有各種迷思，在在助長了對福利的激烈爭辯。社會福利何以陷美國政治於兩難情境?社會福利方案旨在幫助窮人，何以反成問題本源?美國「個人責任與工作機會調節法案」(PRWORA)何以能在1996年通過，並一舉終結了由來己久的「應享權益」福利制度?為有助於瞭解PRWORA所涉及的道德性與價值性的爭論內容，本文採用政策論證觀點，一一審視PRWORA的政策論證結構及不同論證對相關福利政策資訊的詮釋，有助吾人暸解政策假定不同將會衍生出不同甚或衝突的福利政策主張。

以文找文

　　　　　There are certain myths surrounding the concept of welfare that contribute to the heated debates. Why is welfare a dilemma in American politics? Why are welfare programs, which are intended to help the poor, viewed as a problem? How was the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), which ended welfare as we knew it, finally enacted in the U.S. in 1996? The use of policy arguments can contribute to reasonable debates on the ethical and moral issues of PRWORA. In this paper, we examine the structure of PRWORA's policy arguments and their role in interpreting the relevant information of welfare policy. The results of this study explain the reasons why the same information may lead to markedly different and often conflicting welfare policy claims, depending on the assumptions used to conduct policy arguments or debates.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Brehm, C. T.、Saving, T. R.(1964)。The Demand for General Assistance Payments。The American Economic Review，54，1002-1018。
2.	Kasper, Hirschel(1968)。Welfare Payments and Work Incentive: Some Determinants of the Rate of General Assistance Payments。The Journal of Human Resources，3(winter)，86-110。
3.	Garfinkel, Irwin、Orr, Larry L.(1974)。Welfare Policy and the Employment Rate of AFDC Mothers。National Tax Journal，27，27-284。
4.	Katz, Jeffrey(1995)。Putting Recipients to Work Will Be the Toughest Job。Congressional Quarterly Report，2001-2005。
5.	Katz, Jeffrey L.、Cloud, David S.(1996)。Welfare Overhaul Leaves Dole with Campaign Dilemma。Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report。
6.	Katz, Jeffrey L.(1996)。Ignoring Veto Threat, GOP Links Welfare, Medicaid。Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report。
7.	Katz, Jeffrey L.(1996)。Voter Call for Revamped Welfare Poses Problem for Democrats。Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report。
8.	Boskin, Michael J.、Nold, Frederick C.(1975)。A Markov Model of Turn Over in Aid to Families with Dependent Children。The Journal of Human Resources，10(Fall)，467-481。
9.	Albin, Peter S.、Stein, Bruno(1968)。The Constrained Demand for Public Assistance。The Journal of Human Resources，3(Summer)，300-311。
10.	Blank, Rebecca M.(1989)。The Effect of Medical Need and Medicaid on AFDC Participation。The Journal of Human Resources，24(Winter)，54-87。
11.	Hutchens, Robert M.(1978)。Changes in AFDC Tax Rates, 1967-1971。The Journal of Human Resources，13(Winter)，60-74。
12.	Brockriede, Wayne、Ehninger, Douglas(1960)。Toulmin on Argument: An Interpretation and Application。The Quarterly Journal of Speech，46，44-53。

圖書
1.	Portney, Kent E.(1986)。Approaching Public Policy Analysis。Englewood Cliffs, NJ：Prentice-Hall。
2.	Mason, R. O.、Mitroff, I. I.(1981)。Challenging Strategic Planning Assumptions: Theory, Cases, and Techniques。New York。
3.	Trattner, Walter I.(1984)。From Poor Law to Welfare State: A History of Social Welfare in America。New York, NY：Free Press。
4.	Murray, C.(1984)。Losing ground: American social policy 1950-1980。New York：Basic Books。
5.	Kingdon, John W.(1995)。Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies。Longman。
6.	Handler, J. F.(1995)。The Poverty of Welfare Reform。New Haven：Yale University Press。
7.	Starling, Grover(1988)。Strategies for Policy Making。Dorsey Press。
8.	Toulmin, Stephen Edelston(1958)。The Uses of Argument。Cambridge University Press。
9.	Coll, Blanche D.(1995)。Safety Net: Welfare and Social Security, 1929-1979。Safety Net: Welfare and Social Security, 1929-1979。New Brunswick, NJ。
10.	Patterson, James T.(1981)。America's Struggle Against Poverty, 1900-1980。America's Struggle Against Poverty, 1900-1980。Cambridge/ London, UK。
11.	Ippolito, Dennis(1990)。Uncertain Legacies: Federal Budget Policy from Roosevelt through Reagan。Uncertain Legacies: Federal Budget Policy from Roosevelt through Reagan。Virginia。
12.	Mead, Lawrence(1985)。Beyond Entitlement: The Social Obligations of Citizenship。Beyond Entitlement: The Social Obligations of Citizenship。New York, NY。
13.	Bremner, R. H.(1974)。Children and Youth in America: A Documentary History, VIII, 1933-1973。Children and Youth in America: A Documentary History, VIII, 1933-1973。Cambridge。
14.	Butler, Stuart、Kondratas, Anna(1987)。Out of the Poverty Trap: A Conservative Strategy for Welfare Reform。New York, NY：Free Press。
15.	Corbett, Thomas(1995)。Welfare Reform in Wisconsin: The Rhetoric and the Reality。The Politics of Welfare Reform。London, UK。
16.	Henig, Jeffrey(1985)。Public Policy and Federalism: Issues in State and Local Politics。Public Policy and Federalism: Issues in State and Local Politics。New York, NY。
17.	Albert, Vicky N.(1988)。Welfare Dependence and Welfare Policy: A Statistical Study。Welfare Dependence and Welfare Policy: A Statistical Study。New York, NY。
18.	Freeley, Austin J.(1976)。Argumentation and Debate: Rational Decision-Making。Argumentation and Debate: Rational Decision-Making。Belmont, CA。

其他
1.	Besharov, Douglas(1996)。Welfare as We Know It，0。
2.	Congress, House Committee on Ways and Means(1994)。Overview of Entitlement Programs: 1994 Greenbook，0。

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