新疆和中央政權兩千年的關係史是維吾爾族國家認同的基礎,緊密的政治、經濟、文化聯系使維吾爾族在民族心理和行政區域觀上已形成了國家認同的內在需求。抵抗外敵入侵的歷史事實和近期墨玉縣、和田縣萬人搜捕暴恐分子的事例表明隸屬中國是新疆維吾爾族的共識。與此同時,在國際伊斯蘭原教旨主義泛濫的背景下,中亞極端宗教滲透衍生的宗教分離主義和民族分離主義構成了維吾爾族國家認同的自身困境。

The relationships between Xinjiang and the central government in the past two thousand years are the basis of the Uygur’s national identity. The close political,economic and cultural ties have produced the internal demand of their national identity in terms of their national psychology and concept of administrative areas. The resistances against foreign invasions in the past and the recent cases like the ten-thousand people capturing some terrorists in Moyu and Hotan counties have showed that Xinjiang as an inseparable part of China is the shared understanding of the Uygurs. However,at the same time,the international impacts of Islamic fundamentalism,and the religious and nationalistic separatists induced by the religious extremists in Central Asia have posed a dilemma to the Uygur’s national identity.