美國作家塞巴斯蒂安·榮格爾2016年發表《部落:論回家與歸屬》,深入探討了戰爭創傷的形成,認為美國老兵們遭受戰爭創傷與其說是因為在戰場上受到的震撼和沖擊,不如說是因為回國后感受到了異化與冷漠。榮格爾極力強調士兵在戰斗中結成的緊密"共同體",對印第安部落文化倍加推崇,而對美國現代社會進行了諸多批評。該書讓我們認識到,美國老兵們遭受的戰爭創傷與其身份認同危機息息相關:他們原本認為自己是英雄、是正直善良的人,美國則是一個高尚無私的國家,但戰爭完全顛覆了這些戰前的觀念。正是這種身份認同危機,導致了老兵們深重的戰爭創傷。而要治愈創傷,則需要社會幫助老兵們再次找到對美國社會和民族的認同感,確定他們的個人身份和民族身份。

Tribe, a new book by American writer Sebastian Junger in 2016, probes deeply into the formation of war trauma, claiming that American veterans suffer from war trauma more from the alienation and indifference they face in homecoming than from the shock and impact on the battlefield. Junger eulogizes the close "community" that soldiers form on the battlefield, praises highly the Indian tribal culture, and criticizes sharply the modern American society. The book reveals that the war trauma suffered by American veterans is closely related to their identity crisis. They thought they were heroes, kind and honest people, and America was a great country. But wars completely subvert their pre-war identities, which directly results in their deep war trauma. To get out of the shadow, the veterans need learn to identify themselves once more with the American society and culture and ascertain their personal and national identity.