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題名:基於集體行動邏輯的京津冀霧霾合作治理演化博弈分析
書刊名:中國人口.資源與環境
作者:初釗鵬劉昌新朱婧
出版日期:2017
卷期:2017(9)
頁次:56-65
主題關鍵詞:集體行動演化博弈獵鹿模型數值仿真Collective actionEvolutionary gameStag hunt modelNumerical simulation
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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當前京津冀地區在霧霾問題上面臨環境外部性困擾和集體行動困境,其根源在于地方政府作為霧霾合作治理集體成員的收益是不對稱的,而割裂集體行動中收益與損失之間的聯系是一種糾正環境外部性市場失靈的政府失靈。奧爾森集體行動的邏輯在京津冀三地政府執行霧霾合作治理規制行為上表現為私人理性與集體理性的動態重復博弈。針對京津冀地區大氣污染聯防聯控執行狀況,基于集體行動的邏輯視角,借助演化經濟學研究工具,構建京津冀三地政府在霧霾合作治理執行策略的獵鹿模型、拓展模型的演化、隨機和動態的博弈過程,探究地方政府執行霧霾合作治理集體行動的行為特征及其影響因素。根據復制動態方程探討博弈主體行為演化特征和演化穩定策略,采用數值仿真方法分析不同情形下系統演化軌跡及演化均衡狀態,考察隨機因素對系統演化均衡狀態的影響以及實現區域環境合作聯盟的動態演化均衡機制。研究發現,京津冀三地政府在霧霾合作治理執行過程中的動態演化,很大程度上取決于本地區在區域整體中的環境偏好系數和搭便車收益與集體行動收益的比值。因此,中央政府要健全跨區域環境治理的制度建設,為京津冀地區建立一致的區域環境質量標準,有效降低地方政府在合作治理霧霾集體行動中的搭便車收益,以立法的形式對約束地方政府承擔環境治理責任的強制和選擇性激勵措施加以確定。此外,將霧霾造成的經濟損失作為重要指標納入地方官員政績考核體系,加強對地方政府霧霾治理執行情況的監管力度,實現合作治理霧霾集體行動責任落實的帕累托改進。
At present,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is facing the plight of environmental externalities and collective action on the haze control problem. The root of the problem lies in the fact that as a member of the haze cooperative governance,the benefit of local government is asymmetrical. Fragmented the link between benefits and losses of collection action to correct the environmental externality is a kind of market failure replaced by government failure. The logic of Olsen’s collective action is manifested as a dynamic repetitive game of private rationality and collective rationality in the implementation of the haze cooperative governance in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. In view of the collective action of air pollution joint control in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,this paper constructs stag hunt model to study government’s implementation strategy of haze cooperation governance by means of evolutionary research tools. The game process is divided into evolutionary,stochastic and dynamic three stages,which explores the behavioral characteristics and influencing factors of local governments in collective action of Haze control. According to the replicator of dynamic equation,the evolution of participant’s behavior and evolutionary stable strategy are discussed. The numerical simulation method is used to analyze the evolutionary trends and evolution equilibrium of the system under different situations. Model estimates indicate that the evolutionary equilibrium state of the system influenced by stochastic factors and the dynamic equilibrium mechanism achieve the multiregional environmental cooperation alliance. A general finding is that the dynamic evolution of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei in the implementation of haze cooperative governance is largely dependent on the ratio of free rid income to collective action income and the environmental preference coefficient of the district in the region as a whole. Therefore,it is necessary for central government to improve the cross-regional environmental law system,establish a consistent regional environmental quality standard,and reduce the gain of local government’s free ride. More importantly,the coercive and selective incentives thatconstrain local government to take responsibility of environmental governance should be determined in the form of legislation. In addition,the economic losses caused by haze should be bringing into the local officials ’performance appraisal system. The central government should strengthen the supervision when local governments conductair pollution control in order to achievethe Pareto improvement of collective action during the course of haze cooperative governance.
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