針對不同行業環境規制強度的差異性,本文運用收斂理論研究了行業環境規制強度的斂散性。傳統上利用單位成本或產出的污染治理費用表示的行業環境規制強度可能存在有偏性,本文基于單位污染排放的污染治理費用測算行業環境規制強度,利用Theil指數和收斂檢驗模型,分析了2001—2015年中國35個工業行業環境規制強度差異、收斂性質及收斂機制。研究發現:(1)一些行業的環境規制強度與其污染強度未表現出相應的強關聯性。(2)中國工業行業環境規制強度差異呈現"M"型變化趨勢,污染行業與清潔行業之間的環境規制強度差異呈現先發散后收斂的倒"U"型趨勢。(3)泰爾指數及其分解還表明,污染行業內部的子行業間環境規制強度差異很大,且是造成工業行業環境規制強度差異的最主要來源。(4)工業行業環境規制強度存在較長時段的σ收斂和較短時長的俱樂部收斂的同時,還存在絕對β收斂和條件β收斂,即低規制行業向高規制行業看齊,不同行業環境規制強度向各自的穩態水平靠近,此外,污染行業環境規制強度收斂速度慢于清潔行業。(5)企業規模成長和市場化水平提升有利于促進企業提高環境規制水平。(6)對收斂機制的進一步研究表明,出口學習效應和進口技術溢出對行業環境規制強度變化的提升效應隨著環境規制強度的提高而擴大,即兩者對行業環境規制強度變化具有提升效應,但無促進其收斂的作用。擴大企業規模、提升市場化和對外開放水平,有利于提升企業應對環境規制的能力,并為下一階段實施更為合理有效的環境規制政策提供支撐。

In view of intensity of industry environment regulation intensity differences,this paper uses convergence theory to study the convergence and dispersion of industrial environmental regulation intensity. Traditionally,it may be biased based on the cost of pollution abatement by unit cost or output,so it should be calculated by the pollution control costs of unit pollution emissions. Theil index and convergence test model are used to analyze the difference and convergence of environmental regulation intensity in China 35 industrial sectors from 2001 to 2015. The results show that the intensity of environmental regulation in China industrial sector presents a‘M’type,and its difference between pollution industries and clean industries presents the inverted‘U’trend. Theil index and its decomposition also indicate that there is a great difference among sub sectors within the pollution industries,which is the most important source. When σ convergence of long term and club convergence of short term exist in the strength of environmental regulation of industries,at the same time,there is absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence; namely,the low regulation industry is in line with the high regulatory industry,and the intensity of environmental regulation in different industries is close to their steady level.In addition,the convergence rate of environmental regulation intensity differences in pollution industries is lower than that of cleaner industries. The scale of the firm’s growth and the level of the market is conducive to improve the level of environmental regulation.Further research on the convergence mechanism shows that the influence of export learning effect and import technology spillover changes with the increase of industrial environmental regulation intensity; that is to say,both of them have an increasing effect,but do not promote the convergence effect. Expanding the scale of enterprises,enhancing the market and opening to the outside world are conducive to the implementation of reasonable and effective environmental regulation policies at the next stage.