本文首先辨析了"氣候資金"與"氣候融資"兩個基本概念,且通過對包括《巴黎協定》在內,最新的氣候資金相關法律文件、信息通報、文獻資料、智庫報告的研究和系統梳理,指出全球氣候融資發展趨勢表現在全球氣候融資缺口正在持續擴大;資金來源更加市場化;發展金融機構募集、管理和分配了大部分的公共資金;新型經濟體用款權受到擠壓,也呈現出更大的出資潛力;穩定的碳價格被認為是全球實現"零排放"長期減排目標的核心機制。與此同時,氣候資金治理體系也處在關鍵的轉型期,目前氣候資金治理正在向"自下而上"的模式過渡,《公約》外平臺承擔了"氣候風險主流化"的多重功能,但需要警惕"自下而上"的治理模式有繞過"共同但有區別責任"的風險,且綠色氣候基金運作規則的導向性作用值得關注。據此,本文在最后提出了一系列治理建議。建議我國應積極影響國際氣候資金機制運營規則和技術規則的制定,避免發達國家以及代表其利益的國際組織制定的標準片面地發展為國際規則;支持在全球設定漸進的、可預測的、可信的碳價格,并且肯定將氣候與環境風險因素內生化的核心思想理念;與綠色氣候基金開展多方位合作,推動氣候公共資金治理規則轉型;加強與世界銀行在氣候融資領域的合作;借G20平臺逐步發展為氣候融資政策突破和工具創新的引領者。

Beginning with differentiating and analyzing the concept of climate finance and climate financing,this paper studies and reaches a systemic carding on the latest climate finance related legal documents,information notifications,literature and think tank reports including Paris Agreement,pointing out trends in the development progress of global climate financing: climate financing gap is getting bigger; the sources of funding are getting more market-oriented; DFIs are raising and managing and allocating most of the public finance; fund using rights of emerging economies are being squeezed though they show great investment potential; stable carbon price is thought to be the core of achieving the Zero Emission long-term emission reduction goal. At the meantime,the management system of climate finance is now at a very critical transformation period. At present,the management system is going through a transformation towards a bottom-up pattern. Platforms outside the UNFCCC are playing multiple roles of climate risk mainstreaming,yet the risk of bypassing common but differentiated responsibilities under the from bottom to top pattern needs great vigilance. Besides that,the leading role of the green fund operating rules is worthy of attention. Accordingly,this article finally pointes out several governance suggestions:(1) China should have positive impacts on drafting of both operating and technical rules of international climate finance mechanism,thus avoiding developed countries and international organizations that represent the interest of developed countries from enacting international rules in their favor alone.(2)China should support the setting of progressive,measureable and credible carbon price,and affirm the idea and theory of endogenesis of climate and environmental risk factors.(3) China should strengthen in-depth cooperation with the Green Climate Fund,so as to promote the transformation of climate public finance operating rules.(4)China should strengthen the cooperation with the World Bank in areas of climate financing.(5) Through the G20 platform,China should gradually develop to be the leader in policy breakthroughs and tools innovation in the field of climate financing.