文章基于2010、2012和2014年中國家庭動態跟蹤調查(CFPS)數據,利用中國退休政策在男女退休年齡上的規定,使用斷點回歸設計,探討退休對身體健康和心理健康的影響,并檢驗退休影響健康的機制。研究發現,退休對男性的健康影響不顯著,而對女性的自評健康和心理健康產生顯著正向的影響,主要原因是退休后女性增加了鍛煉的頻率;雖然男性的鍛煉頻率在退休后也有所增加,但退休后男性超重的概率也隨之增加,這很可能在一定程度上抵消了鍛煉的健康效應。文章具有明顯的政策含義,當前中國政府正在考慮實施漸進式延遲退休政策以應對人口老齡化背景下勞動力不足的問題,研究表明延遲退休不能夠以犧牲老年人口的健康為代價,中國需要切實推進"健康老齡化"的戰略。

Using China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) of 2010,2012 and 2014,this paper explores the impact of retirement on Chinese elderly’s physical and mental health based on the mandated retirement age policy within a framework of regression discontinuity( RD).The mechanism of the impact of retirement on health is further tested.The results show that the impact of retirement on the health of males is not significant,while retirement has a significant positive influence on females ’ self-rated health and mental health,the mechanism of which is that retirement significantly increases female physical exercise per week.Although retirement increases male physical exercise per week in a similar manner,it also raises the probability of overweight for males,which is likely to offset the effect of exercise to a certain extent.Chinese government is considering implementing policies for gradually postponing the retirement age of employees.The results of this paper indicate that postponing retirement should not be made at the expense of elderly’s health,and China needs to push forward the "healthy aging"strategy.