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題名:作為歷史主義者的莎士比亞--兼論莎士比亞歷史劇對我們的啟示
書刊名:外國文學研究
作者:王寧
出版日期:2016
卷期:2016(6)
頁次:8-15
主題關鍵詞:莎士比亞歷史劇歷史的敘述中國的電視劇ShakespeareHistory playsHistorical narrativeChinese TV drama
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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毫無疑問,莎士比亞首先應被當作一位藝術家,或者更確切地說,一位戲劇藝術家。但是他同時也應被視為一位歷史學家,或一位歷史主義者。說到作為歷史主義者的莎士比亞,我們通常會想到他的《約翰王》、《愛德華三世》、《理查二世》、《亨利四世》、《亨利五世》、《亨利六世》等歷史劇。因為劇作家在這些歷史劇中基于真實的人物創造出一些令人難忘的歷史人物。實際上,如果我們全面閱讀理解莎士比亞的悲劇、喜劇和歷史劇的話,我們會很容易地發現,他除了取得卓越的藝術成就外,還扮演了一位歷史主義者的角色。他不僅寫出了一些歷史劇,更重要的是,他的悲劇和喜劇也可以被視為某種形式的歷史劇。雖然從今天的觀點來看,他的戲劇敘述并非總是忠實于真實的歷史記載,但是它們確實是"文本化"或"戲劇化"的歷史敘述。與莎士比亞的歷史劇在西方所受到的重視和研究相比,中國的莎劇研究是很不全面的。但是具有諷刺意味的恰恰是,在今天的中國電視熒屏上,我們卻能常常看到許多基于真實人物的歷史題材電視劇,這些電視劇往往用一種反諷和戲仿的后現代手法對歷史事件和人物加以再現,但是成功者卻寥寥無幾。因此我們應當說,莎士比亞所扮演的歷史主義者的角色并未得到認可,至少在中國的語境中是如此,盡管他那些卓越的歷史題材的戲劇在某種程度上預示了中國歷史題材電視劇的興起。
Shakespeare should be first regarded as an artist, or more exactly, a dramatic artist. But he should also be viewed as a historian, or a sort of historicist. In speaking of Shakespeare as a historicist, we usually think of his history plays like King John, Edward III, Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, etc., for the playwright has created some unforgettable historical figures in these plays based on real people. Actually, if we have a comprehensive reading and understanding of all Shakespeare’s plays, tragedies, comedies and history plays, we can easily find that he actually plays the role of a historicist apart from his superb artistic achievements, not only because he has created quite a few history plays, but more important, his best tragedies and comedies could also be regarded as a sort of history plays. Although, from today’s point of view, his theatrical narrations are not always faithful to the real historical records, they are indeed "textualized" or "dramatized" historical narratives. As compared with the study of Shakespeare’s history plays in the West, the study of Shakespeare’s drama in China is far from comprehensive. However, ironically speaking, on today’s Chinese screen, we easily find so many "invented" "history plays" produced as TV dramas based on real people although in an ironic and parodic way of representation, but very few could be regarded as effective and successful. Thus we should say that Shakespeare’s role as a historicist has not yet been recognized, at least in the Chinese context, although all his superb plays on history have more or less anticipated the rise of Chinese TV history plays.
期刊論文
1.Miller, J. Hillis(2011)。Globalization and World Literature。Neohelicon,38(2),252-265。  new window
2.Lu, Tonglin(2012)。Zhu Shenghao: Shakespeare Translator and a Shakespearean Tragic Hero in Wartime China。Comparative Literature Studies,49(4),521-536。  new window
3.喬杰(2003)。莎劇《哈姆雷特》中的丹麥背景。外國文學研究,2003(3),42-46。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Ribner, Irving(2005)。The English History Play in the Age of Shakespeare。London:Routledge。  new window
2.Bloom, Harold(1998)。Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human。New York, NY:Riverhead Books。  new window
3.Greenblatt, Stephen(2005)。Will in the World: How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare。New York:W. W. Norton。  new window
4.Dutton, Richard、Howard, Jean(2003)。A Companion to Shakespeare's Works: The Histories。Oxford:Blackwell。  new window
5.Bloom, Harold(2008)。Bloom's Shakespeare Through the Ages: King Lear。New York:Infobase Publishing。  new window
6.Shapiro, James(2005)。1599: A Year in the Life of William Shakespeare。London:Faber and Faber。  new window
 
 
 
 
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