過去五年,生態環境治理明顯加強,環境狀況得到改善,全面節約資源有效推進,能源資源消耗強度大幅下降,然而環保部門數據顯示,中國大氣污染程度仍然十分嚴重。因此,評價中國各省域節能減排效率并提出政策建議,對優化生產生活方式,實現"十三五"節能減排目標有著理論與實踐意義。本文剔除了數據缺失的河北、西藏兩個地區,選取2015中國大陸29個省(自治區、直轄市)作為樣本考察對象,把能源消耗量作為投入變量,GDP作為期望產出變量,二氧化硫、氮氧化物、煙(粉塵)等廢氣排放量作為非期望產出變量,構建DDF-DEA模型測算各省域節能減排效率,并利用SFA模型剔除產業結構、廢氣治理等外部環境因素和隨機噪聲對節能減排效率的影響。結果顯示:(1)節能減排整體有效省(自治區、直轄市)的數量偏少,僅有北京市和廣東省有效;(2)地區間節能減排效率差異明顯,與經濟發達程度密切相關,總體呈現東部地帶>中部地帶>西部地帶的態勢;(3)純技術水平普遍較高。造成節能減排效率低的主要原因是無規模效應,中西部地帶尤為突出,特別是西部地帶規模效應與最優規模效應差距太大,如何提高能源利用的規模效應是今后改革的重點之一。文章最后從政府、企業、公眾三個層面給出建議:保護環境、治理環境政府必須發揮主導作用,企業是中堅力量,公眾是重要參與者,為建設美麗中國,打贏藍天保衛戰做出共同努力。

The 19 th CPC National Congress Report pointed out that the construction of ecological civilization is a millennium plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation,and it is necessary to adhere to the basic national policy of saving resources and protecting the environment. In the past five years,the ecological environment having been significantly strengthened,the environmental situation having been improved,the overall conservation of resources having been effectively promoted,and the intensity of energy and resources consumption having decreased significantly. However,the level of air pollution in China is still very serious from the environmental protection sector data. Therefore,it is of theoretical and practical significance to evaluate the efficiency of energy saving and emission reduction in various provinces of China and offer some policy suggestions for optimizing the production and life style and emission reduction target of the 13 th Five Year Plan. Except for Hebei and Tibet,selecting data in 2015 from 29 provinces( autonomous regions,municipalities directly under the central government) of mainland China as sample objects,and considering energy consumption as input variable and GDP as expected output variable,sulfur dioxide,nitrogen oxides,smoke( dust) and other exhaust gas emissions as non-expected output variables,this paper constructed DDF-DEA model to calculate the efficiency of energy saving and emission reduction in the provinces,and based on the SFA model,it eliminated the effects of external environmental factors such as industrial structure,exhaust gas treatment and random noise on the efficiency of energy saving and emission reduction. The results showed that:(1)There are small number of effective provinces( autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government),and energy saving and emission reduction were only effective in Beijing and Guangdong.(2) The efficiency of energy saving and emission reduction was obviously different among regions,which was closely related to the degree of economic development.The overall situation was that the eastern region was better than the central region while the central region was better than the western region.(3)The pure technology level was generally at the high level,and the low efficiency of energy saving and emission reduction was mainly caused by the lack of scale effect especially,especially in the western region,where the gap between the scale effect and the optimal scale effect was too large. How to improve the scale effect of energy use should be one of the key points in the future reform.From the three-level perspective,this paper finally put forward suggestions that the government should play a leading role in protecting and governing the environment while enterprises should be the backbone force,and the public is an important participant. We should make joint efforts to build beautiful China and the blue sky.