經濟增長的"新常態"模式必然要求逐步提高全要素生產率對增長的貢獻,這也是提升經濟發展質量的內在要求;而其中,能兼顧資源環境約束的綠色技術進步對于提升經濟長期可持續性發展的作用顯得尤為重要。基于此,本文探究了兼顧水資源投入和水污染排放后,中國工業綠色偏向型技術進步的測度和分解問題及影響因素分析。利用中國大陸除西藏外30個省1999—2015年間工業投入產出數據,構建基于方向距離函數的綠色偏向型技術進步模型,采用參數與非參數回歸相結合的方法,具體判斷綠色技術偏向對要素投入、產出的影響以及技術進步的動態演進和區域分布特征。結果顯示:(1)區域工業TFP基本處于持續增長狀態,且其增長主要由綠色技術進步因素推動。(2)大部分省市多數年份仍傾向于過度使用水資源進行生產,高耗水特征明顯;前期的產出偏向型技術進步加重了水污染物排放,直到"十一五"后期才逐步有利于減排。(3)東部地區技術進步更偏向于促進工業增長而抑制排放,中西部則傾向于排放更多污染物。(4)工業研發投入、治理水污染投資、工業勞動力受教育程度、用水價格及水資源儲量等因素會對偏向型技術進步產生不同方向的影響。本文在兼顧水資源和水環境約束條件下,從原理上把技術進步分解為綠色投入偏向型技術進步和綠色產出偏向型技術進步兩方面,甄別不同的技術偏向對投入要素和產出的影響,并實證應用于分地區工業水資源使用問題,為綠色偏向技術進步的量化測度提供了新的視角,亦為中國工業可持續性增長提供了政策啟示。

The ‘new normal ’ in economic growth requires that the total factor productivity( TFP) makes more contribution to economic growth gradually. And it is also an inherent requirement for improving the quality of economic development. What’s more,the green technological progress that can take the constraints of resource and environment into account will enhance the long-term sustainable development of the economy. Based on these,the measurement and decomposition of China ’s industrial green biased technological progress and its impact mechanisms are explored,taking water resources inputs and water pollution emissions into account. Using the industrial input and output data of 30 provinces in China from 1999 to 2015,with the combination of parametric and nonparametric regression methods, a green biased technological progress model based on the directional distance function was constructed to specifically determine the effect of technological bias on the input and output of factors. This paper had following research findings: the TFP of regional industry is continuously growing in a relatively stable state,mainly driven by green technological progress.Most of the provinces still tend to overuse water,which shows water consumption characteristics. Earlier output biased technology increases the discharge of water pollution and it is gradually conducive to reducing emission until the end of the Eleventh Five Year Plan Period. The technological progress of eastern regions tends to boost the growth of industry,while the technological progress of central and western regions tends to emit more pollution. Many factors play different roles in biased technological progress,including research and development investment of industry,cost of water pollution control,education of industrial labor,and price of water and water resources. From the methodological aspect,the technological progress is decomposed into the green input biased technological progress and the green output biased technological progress,and the influence of different biased technology on input factors and output is discriminated and also empirically applied to the use of provincial industrial water resources. It provides a new perspective for the quantitative measurement of green biased technological progress and policy implications for the sustainable growth of China’s industry.