Although local chieftains in Gansu and Qinghai were not replaced by the Qing officials,the Qing government still enacted comprehensive regulations in the aspects of politics,military,economics,law,and "Confucian civilizing mission,"such as decreasing the power of the local chieftains institutionally,adopting the ruling policy of benevolent authority over the chieftains,enforcing legal regulations,controlling the military equipment of the chieftains,and reformed the economic system fundamentally.Due to the influences of these measures,the local chieftains in Gansu and Qinghai were changed significantly.The chieftains became more dependent on the central government and their identity of the central authorities has been further strengthened.The diarchic structures in the chieftain regions gradually disintegrated,whereas the Sinicization and assimilation expedited the fall of the chieftains of Gansu and Qinghai."Confucian civilizing mission"started permeating into the chieftainships.