通過對81名3～5歲幼兒心理數線發展特點及其在數線估計任務中使用策略的研究,探究幼兒數線估計策略的發展特點,數線估計策略與估計準確率、估計模式的關系,從而為促進幼兒心理數線發展提供啟示。結果發現:(1)幼兒在數線估計任務中表現出豐富多樣的估計策略;(2)估計策略具有年齡、估計情景差異和數線范圍的差異;(3)估計策略與數線估計準確率、數線估計模式密切相關。幼兒在1～20數線范圍內的估計準確率存在顯著的策略差異。幼兒數線估計策略能夠影響估計模式,各種估計模式中使用比例較高的是"數字關系"和"數數"策略,"標準線性模式"中各種有效策略運用的比例最高。

Based on the study of 81 children aged 3～5, children’s mental number line development characteristics and estimation strategies used in the number line task were explored to find the developmental characteristics of children’s number line estimation strategy, and the relationship between number line estimation strategy, estimation accuracy and estimation model, so as to provide enlightenment for measures to promote the development of children’s mental number line. The results showed that: 1) Children showed a rich variety of estimation strategies. 2) There were differences between estimation strategy and age, estimation situation as well as number line range. 3) The estimation strategy was closely related to the accuracy of the number line estimation and the number line estimation model. There existed significant difference in the estimation strategies of children’s estimation accuracy in the range of 1～20 number lines. Children’s number line estimation strategy could affect the estimation model. The "number relation" and "counting number" strategies were used in a high proportion in various estimation models, and the "standard linear model" had the highest proportion of effective strategies.