傳世文獻中存在《史記》系統與《左傳》系統兩種夏史體系,二者對于夏早期歷史的記載,在敘事空間上一西一東,互不相協,而《史記》系統更受世人青睞,成為后世探索夏史的主要線索。梳理和考證商周時期夏遺的地理分布可知,諸姒之族主要在今山東省境內,姻親中分布于魯豫間者,占相當比例;與夏史相關的地與族,亦基本分布于山東及豫東、豫東北一帶。《左傳》夏史系統不僅與甲骨、金文中的地理線索合轍,也與其他傳世文獻相關記載互洽,值得重視。對夏文化源頭及夏王朝早期史的探索,海岱地區及魯豫交界地帶也需充分關注。

According to available historical documents, there are two kinds of documentation systems regarding the history of the Xia Dynasty: the system of the Records of the Grand Historian and the system of The Commentary of Zuo. Their narratives of the early history of the Xia Dynasty are entirely different, as one focuses on the western lands and the other focuses on the eastern lands. However, the system of the Records of the Grand Historian was more highly favored by subsequent generations and has therefore become a major resource for later explorations of the history of the Xia Dynasty.. Studies of the geographical distribution of the Xia Ruins during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties clearly indicate that the Zhusi clan mostly lived in present-day Shandong Province, and that their marital kin largely inhabited the area between Shandong Province and Henan Province. The lands and clans relevant to the Xia history were primarily located in Shandong Province and the eastern and northeastern areas of Henan Province. It is worth noting that the Xia history narrative in The Commentary of Zuo is not only consistent with geographic clues found in oracle bone and ancient bronze inscriptions, but also matches other inherited documents. With regards to studies of the origins of Xia culture and the early history of the Xia Dynasty, the Haidai region and the border zone between current Shandong Province and Henan Province require greater attention.