南宋的"榷茶"制度,使茶商無利可圖,鋌而走險,故茶商之亂頻繁發生。茶商之亂,不是農民起義,而是類似于黑社會性質的不法行為。他們既對抗官府的茶葉緝私,也打家劫舍,禍害平民。學界常將茶商賴文政武裝團伙稱為"茶商軍",實屬誤解。"茶商軍"本是專門對付茶商叛亂的官軍。賴文政團伙先從湖北起事,旋攻入湖南、江西,朝廷派正規軍鎮壓,調換三任提刑,動用上萬兵力圍剿,都無濟于事。辛棄疾受命為江西提刑后,前往贛州平叛。他采取重兵圍困、多路伏擊,招安誘降等策略,兩個多月即將其剿滅,充分展示出才干將略。立功受賞,激發起他對未來的信心和希望,但期待中等來的任命讓他大失所望,領兵北伐的夢想再次落空。從贛州北上赴任途經造口時,寫下《菩薩蠻·書江西造口壁》,表現歲月蹉跎、時不我待的焦慮。詞的主旨并非表現歷史潮流不可抗拒,亦非影射朝廷的投降派及各種阻礙抗金斗爭的反動勢力。

In the Southern Song dynasty,the system of"tea monopoly"made tea unprofitable,and then tea merchants took risks and caused frequent riots. These riots were not peasant uprisings,but illegal activities similar to gangsters’ organized crimes. They not only fought against the government ’s crushing of tea smuggling,but also plundered houses and pillaged civilians. It is a misunderstanding that the academia usually refers to the armed gangs of the tea merchant Lai Wenzheng as the "tea merchant army". The"tea merchant army"was an official army that specialized in dealing with the rebellion of tea merchants. The armed gang of Lai Wenzheng started the revolt in Hubei,and soon moved into Hunan and Jiangxi. The court of the Southern Song dynasty sent the regular army to put it down,replaced three judicial executives,and used tens of thousands of troops to suppress the gang but to no avail. Xin Qiji was appointed as judicial executive of Jiangxi Province and went to Ganzhou to suppress the revolt. He adopted a series of tactics such as besieging with massive forces,ambush by multiple ways,offering amnesty for surrender. In the end,he spent about two months defeating the armed gang of Lai Wenzheng,and fully demonstrated his talents.His meritorious deeds aroused his confidence and hope for the future,but the next appointment disappointed him,for his dreamed expedition to the north failed once again. He took his new office from Ganzhou to the north,and wrote"Pu Sa Man·Writing on the Wall of Zaokou in Jiangxi"when he passed by Zaokou. This poem shows the anxiety for elapsing time. In this case,the main purpose of the poem is not to express the irresistible torrents of history,nor to allude to the capitulationists in the imperial court and all kinds of reactionary forces that obstructed the struggle against the Jin dynasty.