對廣東省24所中小學2 306名中小學生(10~18歲)身體發育和體質健康水平進行研究。測試指標包括身體形態、身體機能和身體素質。結果發現:1)男生身高在11~14、17~18歲出現2個快速增長期,女生出現1個快速增長期,且比男生更早;男女生10~13歲體重均出現快速增長期;男生體脂百分比呈現緩慢增長趨勢,而女生增長速率顯著高于男生。2)男女生肺活量的快速增長期在11~13歲,血壓的變化則提示血管和心臟發育不同步;低密度脂蛋白膽固醇呈現"拱頂"特征,"拱頂"位于15歲左右。3)男女生力量素質均在12~14歲呈現快速增長趨勢,男生17~18歲出現第2個快速增長期;男生速度發展的敏感期較女生更早且持續時間更長,男女生耐力增長均明顯滯后于速度素質;男女生反應能力與柔韌性發展變化趨勢均基本同步,其中反應能力快速增長期為11~13歲,而柔韌性快速增長期為13~16歲。4)近年廣東學生生長水平明顯提高。與全國同齡學生比較,廣東省學生身高、體重和BMI略低,肺活量較高,但血壓尤其是舒張壓較高;速度素質和耐力素質較高,而力量素質和柔韌素質較低。

The authors studied the physical development and physical health conditions of 2 306 elementary and middle school students(aged 10-18) at 24 elementary and middle schools in Guangdong province. Test indexes include physical development, physical functions and physical qualities. The authors revealed the following findings: 1) the male students’ height had two quick increasing periods respectively at ages 11-14 and ages 17-18, while the female students’ height had one quick increasing period, which was earlier than the male students’; the weight of both the male and female students aged 10-13 had a quick increasing period; the male students’ body fat percentage showed a slowly increasing trend, while the female students’ increasing rate was significantly higher than the male students’; 2) the quick increasing period of the lung capacity of the male and female students occurred at ages 11-13, while their blood pressure changes indicated that blood vessel development and heart development were not synchronous; LDL-C showed "arch" characteristics, the "arc crown" occurred at age 15 or so; 3) both the male and female students’ strength quality showed a quick increasing trend at ages 12-14, the male students showed the second quick increasing period at ages 17-18; the male students’ speed development sensitive period was earlier and lasted longer than the female students’, both the male and female students’ endurance growth fell significantly behind their speed quality; the male and female students’ reaction capacity and flexibility developing and changing trends were basically synchronous, in which reaction capacity quick increasing period was ages 11-13, while flexibility quick increasing period was ages 13-16; 4) in recent years, the growth levels of the students in Guangdong increased significantly. As compared with the students at the same ages nationwide, the height, weight and BMI of the students in Guangdong were slightly lower, their lung capacity was higher, but their blood pressures, especially diastolic blood pressure, were higher; their speed quality and endurance quality were higher, while their strength quality and flexibility quality were lower.