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題名:老年夫妻婚姻生活經驗:關係的互動與發展
作者:陳斐虹 引用關係
作者(外文):Feei-Hung Chen
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商學系所
指導教授:趙淑珠
陳金燕
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2005
主題關鍵詞:老年夫妻婚姻關係配對研究elder couplemarital relationshipspair research
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本研究關切的是處於老年階段的夫妻婚姻關係的內涵為何?其婚姻關係轉變之情形?及老年「夫」、「妻」各自如何知覺其婚姻關係?在本研究以老年夫妻為研究參與者,共有五對老年夫妻接受訪談,其年齡分佈在65-70歲之間,而婚齡則介於40-48年之間。
在結果的呈現上,研究者分別呈現每一對夫妻的婚姻生活經驗,為了能夠對老年夫妻的婚姻生活有更深入的了解,並進行跨夫妻的綜合分析與討論。分別從老年夫妻所呈現的(一)婚姻生活經驗、(二)關係的互動、(三)對性與生育的態度、(四)老年階段生活、(五)對婚姻的看法五個主題,做一綜合分析,歸納其共同點以及獨特之經驗。在本研究中五對受訪老年夫妻的所經歷的婚姻關係是以「父母之命」、「媒妁之言」為開始,彼此的社經地位、家世背景、個人條件是否相當才是重點,愛情並不是婚姻的基礎,婚姻的目的是為了「傳宗接代」、「綿延子孫」,在這樣時代背景之下建立的婚姻關係,有屬於本土獨特的婚姻經驗,包括了:(一)從父子軸家庭生活型態到夫妻軸家庭生活型態所帶來的衝擊;(二)婚姻關係轉變之情形;(三)禁忌的性;(四)外遇是男人容易犯的錯,是可以原諒的;(五)娘家為已婚女性的後盾;(六)感慨時代的變遷六個部分,豐富了我們對老年婚姻生活的了解。
在本研究中,另一個關注的焦點在於婚姻關係的轉變情形,呈現(一)U型曲線分配;(二)夫妻一路平順,未有波折;(三)新婚或婚姻的前幾年,一連串的責任與壓力,出現不適應及或痛苦的情緒,直至婚姻的中期,有的受訪者其婚姻關係漸入佳境,但也有受訪者直至目前仍覺得婚姻是痛苦的。
在本研究中出現與性別有關的現象有:(一)夫對妻的欣賞與感激之情遠多於妻對夫;(二)妻子積極追求改變、丈夫被動防衛;(三)對選擇婚姻的考量,男性理所當然再選擇進入婚姻,女性則以經驗法則決定是否再選擇進入婚姻;(四)婚姻的意義上,男性傾向依賴關係;女傾向發展自我四個部分。
研究者針對前述研究結果加以討論,並對研究歷程、理論與實務工作提出反思與具體建議。
The purposes of the research were to analyze the marital experiences in later life, including their interaction and development of relationships between elder couples. Five couples were invited who were over 65 years old, and have married over 40 years. In this study, we explored each couple’s marital experience, and analyze their interaction, the result focus on (1) marital experience in their life, (2) interaction of relationships between husband and wife, (3) sexual relationship and attitude toward children education , (4) marital experiences in later life, and (5) their perspective on marriage.
The begun relationship of a husband and a wife was introduced by their parents or matchmaker in our study, their parents concerned social position, family status, personal background to each other, the purpose of marriage for husband or wife is matched the traditional idea that have a son to carry their family name. The marriage experience and family status from the traditional idea showed special native country features, including the following (1) the impact of life styles form the father-son relationship-dominated- family to the husband-wife relationship-dominated family, (2) the change of marital relationship, (3) sexual taboo, (4)extra-marital affair of the husband can be forgot, (5) the family of origin became to wife’s backup force, and (6) sigh with feeling for the environment’s change. All of the results let us understood the later life more and more.
The marital relationship change was one key point in our study, we fond the couples’ relationship may fit in one of the following styles:(1) U-curved distribution of marital relationship’s satisfactions, (2) the process of marriage experience were smoothly, and (3) there were some pressure for the couples in a few years after marriage, couples can not adapt the status, or feel pressure about marital relationship, part of couples can suit the relationship till mid-stage of marriage, but part of interviewer were maladjusted.
Gender differences also can be seen in this study, including (1) husbands were grateful for their wives more than wives to their husbands, (2) wives usual want to change the marital relationship, but husband are passive resistance, (3) husbands will select the marital relationship if they can choice again, but wives will select the relationship very carefully, (4) the meaning of marriage for couples, husbands tend to depend on relationship, wives tend to development self.
Finally, the results we discussed and suggestions were made for future research, theory development and counseling for practice.
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