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題名：遊憩選擇，小費給予，與遊憩專門化之經濟分析
作者：孔秀琴
作者(外文)：Sheu-Chin Kung
校院名稱：中華大學
系所名稱：科技管理學系(所)
指導教授：鄧瑞兆
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2009
主題關鍵詞：小費給予；遊憩選擇；遊憩專門化；賽局理論；最適控制理論；tipping；recreation choice；recreation specialization；game theory；optimal control theory
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本論文利用賽局理論與最適控制理論探討休閒遊憩產業之收益管理，遊客遊憩選擇與遊憩專門化之研究議題。在第二章以生態旅遊為例探討遊客遊憩選擇與其生活型態，當地住民人數與農產品異質程度，對風景區域內之當地住民利益，經營休閒遊憩廠商利潤，以及廠商利潤回饋當地住民比例之影響效果。我們獲得當遊客的互動具有正向的人潮效果，而且遊客是慕名廠商的專屬景點而去風景區域時，廠商所獲得的利潤水準，會高於其在慕名風景區域效果下的利潤水準。第三章則是利用賽局理論建立旅遊經濟模型，探討在觀光旅遊產業中，廠商間實施差異化的小費給予制度對廠商利潤，遊客消費者剩餘，以及社會福利的影響效果。我們得到廠商實施差異化的小費給予制度不但可提高遊客的消費者剩餘，同時也可提高社會福利。第四章利用最適控制理論，分析在休閒遊憩產業中，遊客對遊憩專門化的投入(或投資)，使其體驗或品味遊憩活動時，會有更深入的認知與產生深刻的價值，因而對特定的遊憩活動產生終生的遊憩認知或地方依戀與認同。我們發現當遊客所從事的遊憩體驗投入是相對較辛苦，則遊客有可能會在其遊憩生命週期之前不再進行對遊憩體驗的投入。
This dissertation focuses on the applications of game theory and optimal control theory to the study of tourist’s recreation choices, revenue management, and recreational specialization in a recreation and leisure industry. The applications present the process of model building, the process of transforming an informal description of recreation-related decision issues to a formal game theory and optimal control problems.
There are three essays in the dissertation. The first essay investigates the effects of tourist’s recreation choices and lifestyle, the numbers of local habitant, and agricultural product differentiation upon local habitant benefits, recreational firms’ profits, and the share of firm’s profit with local habitants in a scenic area. It develops a recreation economics model to address the above effects. It shows that when the tourists belong to the positive bandwagon group and choose the firm-specific scenic resort, the firm’s profit is higher as compared to that of under the scenic-specific area effect. The second essay applies the game theory to set up a recreation economics model in which the effects of differentiated tipping systems on firms’ profits, tourist’s consumer surplus, and social welfare are investigated. It demonstrates that firms exert the differentiated tipping systems can increase both consumer surplus and social welfare. The third essay uses an optimal control approach to analyze the case under which a tourist invests his recreation specialization input in pursuing tourism experience and taste to get valuable tourism cognition and the sense of place attachment. It shows that the tourist may not invest recreational experience input in the period of his recreation lifetime as the recreational experience input is relatively harder.
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