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題名:探索老年人的運動休閒經驗-社會網絡取向的質性研究
作者:張俊一 引用關係
作者(外文):Chun-Yi Chang
校院名稱:國立體育大學
系所名稱:體育研究所
指導教授:邱金松
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2008
主題關鍵詞:運動休閒社會意義社會支持社會網絡social meaningsocial supportsocial networkrecreational sports
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(9) 博士論文(3) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:8
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:97
摘要
  在全球性人口老化的趨勢之下,有關老年人的各項議題不僅是各國政策的重點之一,也成為學術研究的重要課題。綜觀過去有關老年人休閒議題的研究,大部分是集中在以量化的資料檢驗老年人參與身體活動或休閒的結果。基於此,實有需要以質性方法探索老年人深層休閒經驗,以補足對這類議題的完整瞭解。另外,社會網絡分析已被視為是探索社會行動者之間關係及互動的重要技術,本研究將社會網絡分析的概念來探索老年人的休閒互動,於2007年1月至6月間,以深度訪談和田野觀察方法蒐集新竹地區27位65歲以上老年人的一般社會網絡與社會支持、社會網絡成員對休閒參與的影響、運動休閒社會網絡與社會支持、運動休閒社會
網絡關係在日常生活的延伸、運動休閒互動建構的社會意義
,以及社經背景資料。研究結果發現:
(一)受訪者的一般社會網絡成員人數從2人到10人均有,全部受訪者平均的社會網絡規模為8.1人,配偶、兒子和女兒是老年人社會網絡成員中最重要的三種關係類型;從12類社會網絡成員,受訪者獲得各類型(情感性、工具性、訊息性及評價性)及程度不一的社會支持,所獲得的社會支持,配偶仍是受訪者生活中最重要的社會支持提供者。
(二)一般社會網絡的成員對老年人的休閒參與有明顯的影響,提供了各類的協助,促成及支持老年人的休閒參與。本研究受訪者所陳述的社會支持,對於休閒參與而言,全部是正面的。
(三)老年人一般社會網絡的部分成員與運動休閒社會網絡成員是重疊的。重疊的有配偶、鄰居、老同事、同學、朋友及其他親戚等6類
(四)除了在休閒活動中的互動,資料也顯示老年人和休閒團體中的成員日常生活中有高度及多元性的其他互動。
(五)對老年人而言,運動休閒行為互動的重要社會意義有四項:1.運動休閒成為老年人社會化的代理人;2.透過運動休閒互動,淡化了社會階級的差異;3.透過運動休閒的參與,老年人試著挑戰一般人對老年人的刻板印象;以及4.運動休閒之參與被老年人視為達到「成功老化」的重要途徑。
  最後,根據本研究的發現,提出一個《社會網絡取向休閒模式》。此外,也提出對老年福利政策及後續研究的具體建議。
Abstract
Under the worldwide aging trend, issues concerned the older adults has been a public policy focus of the countries around the world. Also, it has been an important issue for scholarly researches. Comprehensive surveyed the previous researches that concerned the issues about older adults, I found most of these studies were centralized in quantitative approach to examine the outcome of older adults’leisure or physical activities participation. Based on above background and the complement of our understanding in this issue, there was a need of using a qualitative approach to explore the deep experience of older adults’leisure participation. Besides, the social network analysis technique has been regarded as an important technique for exploring the relationships and interactions among social actors. This study applied the conception of social network analysis technique to explore the leisure interactions for older adults. Deep interviews and field observations were conducted with 27 older adults ages 65 years or more in Hsinchu area from January to June in 2007, gathered information on the respondents’ (a) general social network and social support, (b) the influence of general social network members on leisure participants, (c) recreational sports social network and social support,(d) the extent to daily life based on the interactions within the recreation sports social network, (e) the social meaning that constructed in recreational sports interactions, and (f) demographics.
The findings of this study were (a) size of the older adults’ general social network was between 2 to 10, the average social network size was 8.1. Spouse, sons and daughters were the most important social network relationship types for the respondents. Respondents reported they received different kind and different level social supports (affective, instrument, message, and appraisal) form all the twelve type social network members. Spouse was found to be the chief social supports provider among these relationships in daily life, (b) members of the older adults’ general social network were found to have significant influence for the respondents’ leisure participations, and they provided kinds of assistance to contribute the older adults’ leisure participations. All of the social supports provided by the respondents’ social network members were reported to be positive for leisure participations, (c) some members of the older adults’ general social network coincide with those of recreational sports social network: spouse, neighbor, previous coworker, schoolmate, friend, and the other relative (d) except for the interactions in leisure activities, highly and multiply interactions in other occasions were reported by these respondents, and (e) For the elderly adults, leisure interaction had four important social meanings: (1) recreational sports activities have become the socialization agents for older adults, (2) by recreational sports interaction, social class differences were found to be weakened, (3) through the participations of recreational sports activities, older adults tried to challenge the stereotypes of older people, and (4) participations of recreational sports activities were regarded as a important path to the successful aging.
Finally, according the findings of this study, I brought up a “Social network approach leisure model”. In addition, I broached some concrete suggestions for elderly welfare policies and future researches.
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