參考文獻
壹、中文部分
王石番，1995，《民意理論與實務》，台北：黎明文化。
王金壽，1997，「國民黨候選人買票機器的建立與運作：一九九三年風芒縣長選舉的個案研究」，《台灣政治學刊》，第二期，頁3-62。
王業立，1998，「選舉、民主化與地方派系」，《選舉研究》，第五卷，第一期，頁77-94。王業立，2001，《比較選舉制度》，台北：五南。王鼎銘，2003，「策略投票及其影響之檢測：2001年縣市長及立委選舉結果的探討」，《東吳政治學報》，第十六期，頁125-153。包正豪，1997，《第三屆立法委員選舉新黨競選策略之研究：以台北市、台北縣與桃園縣爲例》，國立政治大學政治學系碩士論文。
包正豪，1998，「新黨平均配票策略效果之研究─以八十四年立法委員選舉爲例」，《選舉研究》，第五卷，第一期，頁95-138。江惠翎、陳得發，1998，「消費者對直銷喜愛度的相關變數分析」，《第三屆直銷學術研討會論文集》，高雄：國立中山大學直銷學術研發中心，頁203-219。
何金銘，1995，「賄選現象與賄選效果：高雄市二屆立委選舉的個案分析」，《政治科學論叢》，第六期，頁109-144。呂亞力，1979，《政治學方法論》，台北：五南。呂亞力，1982，「賄選的探討：一個研究途徑」，《政治學報》，第十期，頁11-14。余致力，2002，《民意與公共政策─理論探討與實證研究》，台北：五南。吳巨盟，2006，「我國首次實施公民投票的意義與展望」，載於梁世武主編，《政治傳播與競選策略》，台北：五南，頁49-72。
吳玉山，1999，「台灣的大陸政策：結構與理性」，載於包宗和、吳玉山主編，《爭辯中的兩岸關係理論》，台北：五南，頁155-210。吳宜侃，2005，「立法委員連任預測模型分析─以第四屆立法委員爲例」，《選舉研究》，第十二卷，第一期，頁173-210。吳重禮、黃紀，2001，「雲嘉南地區賄選案件判決的政治因素分析：『層狀勝算對數模型』之運用」，《選舉研究》，第七卷，第一期，頁87-113。吳偉立、洪永泰，2005，「第五屆立委選舉台聯候選人的得票分布：三種得票離散程度衡量工具的分析」，《選舉研究》，第十二卷，第十二期，頁189-212。吳慧霞，1993，《我國縣長候選人競選行爲模式之研究─民國七十八年台北縣長選舉之比較分析》，國立臺灣大學政治研究所碩士論文。
杜慶承，2005，「中央政權輪替對地方派系的影響─彰化縣個案研究」，《選舉研究》，第十二卷，第一期，頁117-145。范凌嘉，1999，《台灣縣市長選舉預測模型之研究：一個基礎模型的建立及其應用》，國立政治大學政治學系碩士論文。
范凌嘉，2009，「選舉預測誤差控制的嘗試：以特質調整模型 (JIA Model) 爲例」，載於游清鑫、蔡佳泓主編，《選舉預測》，台北：五南，頁284-326。邱強，2001，《危機處理聖經》(邱強口述，張慧英採訪撰述)，台北：天下遠見。林聰吉，2007，「社會網絡、政治討論與投票參與」，《選舉研究》，第十四卷，第二期，頁1-24。林繼文，1998，「地盤劃分與選舉競爭：對應分析法在多席次選舉研究上之應用」，《選舉研究》，第五卷，第二期，頁103-128。洪永泰，1994，「選舉預測：一個以整體資料爲輔助工具的模型」，《選舉研究》，第一卷，第一期，頁93-110。洪永泰，1995，「分裂投票：八十三年臺北市選舉的實證分析」，《選舉研究》，第二卷，第一期，頁119-145。洪永泰，1999，「傳統與現代：八十六年桃園縣長的選後評估」，《選舉研究》，第六卷，第二期，頁1-21。胡佛，1998，《政治參與與選舉行爲》，台北，三民。
孫秀蕙，1996，「選民的傳播形態對政治行爲的影響：以1996年總統大選爲例」，《選舉研究》，第三卷，第二期，頁71-106。孫秀蕙，1997，《公共關係：理論、策略與研究實例》，台北：正中。高世垣，2000，《選區服務與個人選票之建立》，國立政治大學政治學系碩士論文。
高永光，2004，「台北縣地方派系與黑道互動模式之研究」，《選舉研究》，第十一卷，第一期，頁33-72。莊伯仲，2000，「網路選戰在台灣─1998年三合一大選個案研究」，《廣告學研究》，14，頁31-52。莊伯仲，2006，「競選網站評估指標之建構」，載於梁世武主編，《政治傳播與競選策略》，台北：五南，頁165-201。
許志嘉，2009，「認同轉變：兩岸關係的節與解」，《東亞研究》，第三十五卷，第二期，頁41-73。許志鴻，1986，《選區選民影響力對議員角色行爲的作用之探討：第四屆台北市議員之研究》，國立政治大學政治學系碩士論文。
陳文俊，1995，「統獨議題與選民的投票行爲─民國八十三年省市長選舉之分析」，《選舉研究》，第二卷，第二期，頁99-136。陳明通，1995a，《派系政治與臺灣政治變遷》，台北：月旦出版社。
陳明通，1995b，「社會關係網路與投票取向：民國八十二年台中市長選舉的分析」，發表於政大政治系主辦，「國科會政治學門專題研究計畫成果發表」學術研討會。
陳陸輝，1994，「中國國民黨『黃復興黨部』的輔選效果分析」，《選舉研究》，第一卷，第二期，頁53-96。陳陸輝，1995，《中國國民黨黃復興黨部輔選效果之研究》，國立政治大學政治學系碩士論文。
陳陸輝、耿曙，2009，「台灣民眾統獨立場的持續與變遷」，發表於《重新檢視爭辯中的兩岸關係理論研討會》(2009年4月24日至25日)，台北：台大政治系與中研院政治研究所籌備處主辦。陳義彥、黃麗秋，1992，《選舉行爲與政治發展》，台北：黎明。
盛杏湲，1991，「社會系絡與選民的投票行爲」，收錄於陳義彥主持，《台灣地區選民的投票行爲：一個理論模式的探索》國科會專題研究計畫成果報告，計畫編號NSC79-0301-H-004-12，頁117-171。
盛杏湲，1998a，「選民的投票決定與選舉預測」，《選舉研究》，第五卷，第一期，頁37-76。盛杏湲，1998b，「政黨配票與候選人票源的集散度：一九八三年至一九九五年台灣地區立法委員選舉的分析」，《選舉研究》，第五卷，第二期，頁73-102。盛杏湲，2000，「立法問政與選區服務：第三屆立法委員代表行爲的探討」，《選舉研究》，第六卷，第二期，頁89-120。盛杏湲，2002，「統獨議題與台灣選民的投要行爲：一九九○年代的分析」，《選舉研究》，第九卷，第一期，頁41-80。
盛治仁，2000，「總統選舉預測探討─以情感溫度計預測未表態選民的應用」，《選舉研究》，第七卷，第二期，頁75-107。盛治仁，2001，「即時資訊處理模型與投票行爲研究的應用─以美國選民投票行爲分析爲例」，《選舉研究》，第八卷，第二期，頁31-64。
盛治仁，2004，「媒體、民調和議題─談競選過程中民意的變動性和穩定性」，《選舉研究》，第十一卷，第一期，頁73-98。盛治仁、白瑋華，2008，「陳水扁總統首任施政評價影響因素探討」，《東吳政治學報》，第二十六卷，第一期，頁1-50。張永誠，1991，《選戰行銷》，台北：遠流。
張永誠，1992，《選戰造勢：造勢是選戰成功的不二法門》，台北：遠流。
張佑宗、趙珮如，2006，「社會脈絡、個人網絡與臺灣2004年立法委員選舉選民的投票抉擇，《臺灣民主季刊》，第三卷，第二期，頁1-38。張芳全，2008，《統計就是要這樣跑》，台北：心理。
梁世武，1996，《選舉預測：一九九四年台北市長選舉中「候選人形象指標」預測模型之驗證》，台北：華泰。黃英姿，2006，「多層次直銷模式的系統學研究」，《第十一屆直銷學術研討會論文集》，高雄：國立中山大學直銷學術研發中心，頁1-25。
黃秀端，1994，《選區服務：立法委員心目中連任之基礎》，台北：唐山。黃秀端，1996，「決定勝負的關鍵：候選人特質與能力在總統選舉中的重要性」，《選舉研究》，第三卷，第一期，頁103-134。黃德福，1994，「現代化、競選競爭與地方派系：1992年立法委員選舉的分析」，《選舉研究》，第一卷，第一期，頁75-91。
黃德福、劉華宗，1995，「農會與地方政治：以台中縣與高雄縣爲例」，《選舉研究》，第二卷，第二期，頁63-82。
黃德福、黃靖麟，2008，「回溯投票或議題投票：2005年台北縣長選舉之個案分析」，《選舉研究》，第十五卷，第一期，頁1-30。
鈕則勳，2002，《競選傳播策略：理論與實務》，台北：韋伯文化。
鈕則勳，2005，《政治廣告：理論與實務》，台北：揚智文化。
傅恆德，1996，「決定投票選擇的結構、心理和理性因素」，《選舉研究》，第三卷，第二期，頁157-186。
彭芸，1986，《政治傳播：理論與實務》，台北：巨流圖書公司。彭芸，2001，《新媒介與政治：理論與實證》，台北：五南。彭懷恩，2005，《競選傳播》，台北：風雲論壇。
彭懷恩，2007，《政治傳播：理論與實踐》，台北：風雲論壇。游盈隆，1993，「政治信念、競選策略與選舉動員：台灣地區二屆立委候選人競選模式之研究」，《東吳政治學報》，第二期，頁375-395。游清鑫，1996，「選舉制度、選舉競爭與選舉策略：八十四年北市南區立委選舉策略之個案研究」，《選舉研究》，第三卷，第一期，頁137-178。游清鑫，2000，「競選策略的個案研究：1998年民進黨台北市南區立法委員選舉的探討」，《選舉研究》，第六卷，第二期，頁163-190。游清鑫、蔡佳泓主編，2009，《選舉預測》，台北：五南。葉元之，2004，《公共關係與競選策略；2004大選連宋總部新聞發布實例研究》，台北：秀威資訊科技。
賀光輝、時蓓蓓，1993，《解人之打：選舉文宣的轉辯戰術》，台北：書泉。
蔡佳泓，1995，「社會網路位置類型分析─以七十八年台北市南區立委選舉爲例」，《選舉研究》，第二卷，第二期，頁171-203。蔡佳洹，1999，《候選人競選策略之研究：以1998年台北市長選舉馬英九爲例》，國立政治大學政治學系碩士論文。
鄭自隆，1992，《競選文宣策略：廣告、傳播與政治行銷》，台北：遠流。鄭自隆，2004，《競選傳播與台灣社會》，台北：揚智。
鄭自隆，2006，「2002年北高市長與議員選舉競選文宣觀察」，載於梁世武主編，《選舉過程中的傳播與策略研究：2002年北高市長選舉個案分析》，台北縣：世新民調中心，頁259-307。
鄭夙芬、陳陸輝、劉嘉薇，2005，「2004年總統選舉中的候選人因素」，《臺灣民主季刊》，第二卷，第二期，頁31-70。劉義周，1991，「國民黨責任區輔選制效果之研究」，發表於民主基金會《政黨政治與憲政民主研討會論文集》，頁269-298。
劉義周，1992，「國民黨責任區輔選活動之參與觀察研究」，《國立政治大學學報》，64期，頁209-233。
劉義周，2005，「典型的回顧型投票─2005年三合一選舉結果的解析」，《臺灣民主季刊》，第二卷，第四期，頁147-153。劉義周，2009，「緒論：選舉的預測」，載於游清鑫、蔡佳泓主編，《選舉預測》，台北：五南。
劉嘉薇、鄭夙芬、陳陸輝，2009，「形象與能力：2008年總統選舉中的候選人因素」，發表於政大選研中心《台灣選舉與民主化調查─2009年國際學術研討會論文集 (上)》。鮑彤，《選舉地盤：候選人票源凝聚程度之分析》，國立政治大學政治學系碩士論文。
謝復生，1992，《政黨比例代表制》，台北：理論與政策雜誌社。關弘昌，2009，「台灣國內選舉對其大陸政策之影響」，發表於台大政治系與中研院政治學研究所籌備處《重新檢視爭辯中的兩岸關係理論研討會論文集》。
蘇建州、梁世武與胡學聖，2006，「選舉議題與候選人支持度關聯性」，載於梁世武編，《政治傳播與競選策略》，台北：五南。
貳、英文部分
Abramson, Paul R., John Aldrich and David Rhode, 1991, Change and Continuity in the 1988 Elections, Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.
Allsop, Dee, and Herbert F. Weisberg, 1988, “Measuring Change in Party Identification in an Election Campaign,” American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 32, Iss. 4: 996-1017.
Ansolabehere, Steven and Shanto Iyengar, 1995, “Winning Through Advertising: It’s All in the Context,” in James A. Thurber and Candice J. Nelson, (eds.), Campaigns and Elections American Style (1st Edition), Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 101-111.
Asher, Herbert B., 1988, Presidential Elections and American Politics: Voters, Candidates and Campaign Since 1952, Chicago: The Dorsey Press.
Babbie, Earl, 2008, The Basics of Social Research, Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
Baer, Denise, 1995, “Contemporary Strategy and Agenda Setting,” in James A. Thurber and Candice J. Nelson, (eds.), Campaigns and Elections American Style (1st Edition), Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 47-61.
Baines, Paul R., 1999, “Voter Segmentation and Candidate Positioning,” in Bruce I. Newman (ed.), Handbook o f Political Marketing, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 403-420.
Baker, Gail F., 2001, “Race and Reputation: Restoring Image Beyond the Crisis,” in Robert L. Heath (ed.), Handbook of Public Relations, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Bartle, John and Gylan Griffiths, 2002, “Social-Psychological, Economic and Marketing Models of Voting Behaviour Compared,” in Nicholas J. O’Shaughnessy and Stephan C. M. Henneberg (eds.), The Idea of Political Marketing, Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, pp. 513-520.
Barton, Laurence, 1993, Crisis in Organizations: Managing and Communicating in the Heat of Chaos, Cincinnati, OH: South-Western.
Benoit, William L., 1997, “Image Repair Discourse and Crisis Communication,” Public Relations Review, Vol. 23, Iss. 2 (Summer 1997): 177-186.
Berelson, Bernard R., Paul F. Lazarsfeld and William N. McPhee, 1954, Voting: A Study of Opinion Formation in a Presidential Campaign, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Bolland, Eric J., 1989, “Advertising vs. Public Relations: A Comparison Using Cost-Per-Thousand for Print Ads and PR Placements,” Public Relations Quarterly, Vol. 34, Iss. 3 (Fall 1989): 10-12.
Bowler, Shaun and David M. Farrell, 1992, Electoral Strategies and Political Marketing, New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Bradshaw, Joel C., 2004, “Who Will Vote for You and Why: Designing Campaign Strategy and Message,” in James A. Thurber and Candice J. Nelson (eds.), Campaigns and Elections American Style (2nd Edition), Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 37-56.
Bryant, Jay, 2004, “Paid Media Advertising: Political Communication from the Stone Age to the Present,” in James A. Thurber and Candice J. Nelson (eds.), Campaigns and Elections American Style (2nd Edition), Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 90-108.
Cain, Bruce, John Ferejohn and Morris Fiorina, 1987, The Personal Vote: Constituency Service and Electoral Independence, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Campbell, Angus, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller and Donald E. Stokes, 1960, The American Voter, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Campbell, Angus, Gerald Gurin and Warren E. Miller, 1954, The Voter Decides, Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson and Company.
Converse, Philip E., 1962, “Information Flow and the Stability of Partisan Attitudes,” Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 26, No.4, (Winter 1962): 578-599.
Dalton, Russell J., 1988, Citizen Politics in Western Democracies: Public Opinion and Political Parties in the United States, Great Britain, West Germany, and France. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House Publishers.
Dalton, Russell J., 1996, Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House.
Denton, Robert E. Jr. and Gary C. Woodward, 1990, Political Communication in America (2nd edition), New York: Praeger.
Dearing, James W. and Everett M. Rogers, 1996, Agenda-Setting, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Dittmer, Lowell, 2004, “Taiwan and the Issue of National Identity,” Asian Survey, Vol.44, No.4: 475-483。
Dittmer, Lowell, 2005, “Taiwan’s Aim-Inhibited Quest for Identify and the China Factor,” Journal of Asian and African Studies, Vol. 40, No. 1-2: 71-90.
Downs, Anthony, 1957, An Economic Theory of Democracy, New York: Harper & Row Publishers.
Dunn, Anita, 1995, “The Best Campaign Wins: Local Press Coverage of Nonpresidential Races,” in James A. Thurber and Candice J. Nelson, (eds.), Campaigns and Elections American Style (1st Edition), Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 112-125.
Duverger, Maurice, 1969, Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State, London: Methuen.
Easton, David, 1965, A Framework for Political Analysis, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Enelow, James M. and Melvin J. Hinich, 1984, The Spatial Theory of Voting: An Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ezra, Marni and Candice J. Nelson, 1995, “Do Campaigns Matter?” in James A. Thurber and Candice J. Nelson, (eds.), Campaigns and Elections American Style (1st Edition), Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 224-231.
Farrell, David M., 1986, "The Strategy to Market Fine Gael in 1981", Irish Political Studies, Vol.1, Iss.1: l-14.
Farrell, David M. and Wortmann M., 1987, “Parties Strategies in the electoral market: Political Marketing in West Germany, Britain and Ireland,” European Journal of Political Research, Vol. 15: 297-318.
Fine, Seymour H. (ed), 1992, Marketing the Public Sector: Promoting the Causes of Public and Nonprofit Agencies, New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Finkel, Steven E., 1993, “Reexamining the ‘Minimal Effects’ Model in Recent Presidential Campaigns,” Journal of Politics, Vol. 55, No.1: 1-21.
Fiorina, Morris P., 1981, Retrospective Voting in American National Elections, New Haven: Yale University Press.
Flanagan, Scott C., 1991, “Mechanisms of Social Network Influence in Japanese Voting Behavior,” in Scott C. Flanagan, Ichiro Miyake, Bradley M. Richardson, and Joji Watanuki, The Japanese Voter, New Heaven: Yale University Press, pp.143-197.
Gierzynski, Anthony and Kensington Moore, 2008, “The New Guard: Entertainment Talk Shows and the Not-So-Fake News,” in Morgan E. Felchner (ed.), Voting in America: What Influences the American Voter: Interest Groups, Issues, and the Media, Westport, CT: Praeger.
Gold, Raymond L., 1969, “Roles in Sociological Field Observations,” in George J. McCall and J. L. Simmons (eds.), Issues in participant observation: a text and reader, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, pp. 30-39.
Goldberg, Arthur S., 1969, “Social Determinism and Rationality as Bases of Party Identification,” American Political Science Review, Vol. 63, No. 1: 5-25.
Hamilton, William R., 1995, “The Promising Adolescence of Campaign Surveys,” in James A. Thurber and Candice J. Nelson, (eds.), Campaigns and Elections American Style (1st Edition), Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 181-191.
Harrop, Martin and William L. Miller, 1987, Elections and Voters: A Comparative Introduction, New York: The Meredith Press.
Hayes, Bernadette C. and Ian McAllister, 1996, “Marketing Politics to Voters: Late Deciders in the 1992 British Election,” European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 30, No. 10/11: 127-139.
Hearit, Keith M., 2001, “Corporate Apologia: When an Organization Speaks in Defense of Itself,” in Robert L. Heath (ed.), Handbook of Public Relations, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 501-512.
Henneberg, Stephan C. M., 2002, “Understanding Political Marketing,” in Nicholas J. O’Shaughnessy and Stephan C. M. Henneberg (eds.), The Idea of Political Marketing, Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
Henneberg, Stephan C. M. and Stefan Eghbalian, 2002, “Kirchheimer’s Catch-all Party: A Reinterpretation in Marketing Terms,” in Nicholas J. O’Shaughnessy and Stephan C. M. Henneberg (eds.), The Idea of Political Marketing, Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
Hermann, Charles F., “Some Consequences of Crisis Which Limit the Viability of Organizations,” Administrative Sceince Quarterly, Vol. 8, No. 1: 61-82.
Herrnson, Paul S., 2004, “The Importance of Field Work in Election Campaigns,” in James A. Thurber and Candice J. Nelson (eds.), Campaigns and Elections American Style (2nd Edition), Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 163-172.
Hotelling, Harold, 1929, “Stability in Competition,” Economic Journal 39: 41-57.
Hsieh, John Fuh-sheng, 1995, “Chiefs, Staffs, Indians, and Others: How was Taiwan’s Mainland China Policy Made?” in Tun-jen Cheng, Chi Huang, and Samuel S.G. Wu (eds.), Inherited rivalry: conflict across the Taiwan Straits, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Huckfeldt, Robert, 1979, “Political Participation and the Neighborhood Social Context,” American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 23, No. 3: 579-592.
Huckfeldt, Robert, 1986, Politics in Context: Assimilation and Conflict in Urban Neighborhood, New York: Agathon Press.
Huckfeldt, Robert and John Sprague, 1991, “Discussant Effects on Vote Choice: Intimacy, Structure, and Interdependence,” The Journal of Politics 53 (1): 122-158.
Jackson, Robert A., and Thomas M. Carsey, 2002, “Group Effects on Party Identification and Party Coalition Across the United States,” American Politics Research, Vol. 30, No. 1: 66-92.
Johnson-Cartee, Karen S., and Gary A. Copeland, 1996, Inside Political Campaign: Theory and Practice, Westport CT: Praeger.
Kaid, Lynda Lee, 1999, “Political Advertising: A Summary of Research Findings,” in Bruce I. Newman (ed.), Handbook o f Political Marketing, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 423-438.
Katz, Elihu, 1957, “The Two-Step Flow of Communication: An Up-To-Date Report on an Hypothesis,” Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.21, No.1 (Spring 1957): 61-78.
Katz, Elihu and Paul F. Lazarsfeld, 1955, Personal influence: the part played by people in the flow of mass communications, Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
Kavanagh, Dennis, 1995, Election Campaigning : the New Marketing of Politics, Oxford, England: Blackwell.
Kelley, Stanley, 1956, Professional Public Relations and Political Power, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Kessel, John H., 1992, Presidential Campaign Politics (4th Edition), Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
Kotler, Philip, 1982, Marketing for Nonprofit Organization, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Kotler, Philip, 1984, Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning and Control, London: Prentice-Hall.
Kotler, Philip, 2003, Marketing Management, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education International.
Kotler, Philip and Gary Armstrong, 1996, Principles of Marketing, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Kotler, Philip and Neil Kotler, 1999, “Political Marketing: Generating Effective Candidates, Campaigns and Causes,” in Bruce I. Newman (ed.), Handbook o f Political Marketing, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 3-18.
Kramer, Gerald H., 1970, “The Effects of Precince-Livel Canvassing on Voter Behavior,” Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 4 (Winter, 1970): 560-572.
Lazarsfeld, Paul F., Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet, 1968, The People’s Choice: How the Voter Makes up His Mind in a Presidential Campaign (3rd Edition), New York: Columbia University Press.
Lerbinger, Otto, 1997, The crisis manager: facing risk and responsibility, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Lerbinger, Otto, 2006, Corporate Public Affairs: Interacting With Interest Groups, Media, and Government, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Lippmann, Walter, 1922, Public Opinion, New York: Macmillan.
Lipset, Seymour M., 1981, Political Man: The Social Base of Politics (Expanded Edition), Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Markus, Gregory B. and Philip E. Converse, 1979, “A Dynamic Simultaneous Equation Model of Electoral Choice,” American Political Science Review, Vol. 73, No. 4: 1055-1070.
Mauser, Gary A., 1983, Political Marketing: An Approach to Campaign Strategy, New York: Praeger.
McCartiiy, Edmund Jerome, 1960, Basic Marketing, Homewood IL: Richard D. Irwin.
McCombs, Maxwell E. and Donald L. Shaw 1972, “The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media,” Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 36, No. 2 (Summer 1972): 176-187.
McNair, Brian, 2003, An introduction to political communication, London: Routledge.
Miller, Arthur H., Martin P. Wattenberg and Okasana Malanchuk, 1986, “Schematic Assessments of Presidential Candidates,” American Political Science Review, Vol. 80, No. 2: 521-540.
Miller, Warren E. and J. Merrill Shanks, 1996, The New American Voter, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Newman, Bruce I., 1994, The marketing of the president: political marketing as campaign strategy, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Niemi, Richard G. and Herbert F. Weisberg (eds.), 1993, Classics in Voting Behavior, Washington DC: CQ Press.
Nimmo, Dan D., 1970, The Political Persuaders: the Techniques of Modern Election Campaigns, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Nimmo, Dan D., 1975, “Images and Voters’ Decision-Making Process,” Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 2, Iss. 1: 771-781.
Nimmo, Dan D. and Robert L. Savage, 1976, Candidates and Their Images: Concepts, Methods, and Findings, Pacific Palisades, CA: Goodyear.
Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth, 1974, “The Spiral of Silence: A Theory of Public Opinion,” Journal of Communication, Vol. 24, Iss. 2: 43-51.
Norris, Pippa, 2004, Electoral Engineering: Voting Rules and Political Behavior, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Page, Benjamin I., 1976, “A Theory of Political Ambiguity,” American Political Science Review, Vol. 70, No. 3: 742-752.
Page, Benjamin I. and Robert Y. Shapiro, 1992, The Rational Public: Fifty Years of Trends in Americans’ Policy, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Patterson, Thomas E., 1980, The Mass Media Election: How Americans Choose Their President, New York: Praeger Publishers.
Polsby, Nelson W. and Aaron Wildavsky, 2008, Presidential Elections: Strategies and Structures of American Politics (12th Edition), Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Popkin, Samuel, 1995, “Strategic Perspectives on the 1992 Campaign,” in James A. Thurber and Candice J. Nelson, (eds.), Campaigns and Elections American Style (1st Edition), Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 213-223.
Rademacher, Eric W. and Alfred J. Tuchfarber, 1999, “Preelection Polling and Political Campaigns,” in Bruce I. Newman (ed.), Handbook o f Political Marketing, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 197-221.
Regester, Michael and Judy Larkin, 2008, Risk Issues and Crisis Management in Public Relations: A Casebook of Best Pratice (4th Edition), London: Kogan Page.
RePass, David E., 1971, “Issue Salience and Party Choice,” American Political Science Review, Vol. 65, No. 2: 389-400.
Richardson, Bradley M., 1991, “Social Networks, Influence Communication and the Votes,” in Scott C. Flanagan, Ichiro Miyake, Bradley M. Richardson, and Joji Watanuki, The Japanese Voter, New Heaven: Yale University Press, pp.332-366.
Robinson, Will, 2004, “The Ground War: The Importance of Organizing the Field,” in James A. Thurber and Candice J. Nelson (eds.), Campaigns and Elections American Style (2nd Edition), Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 148-162.
Rose, Richard, 1967, Influencing Voters: A Study of Campaign Rationality, London: Faber and Faber.
Salmore, Barbara G. and Stephen A. Salmore, 1989, Candidates, Parties, and Campaigns: Electoral Politics in America (2nd Edition), Washington DC: Congressional Quarterly Inc.
Schiller, Herbert I., 1986, Information and the Crisis Economy, New York: Oxford University Press.
Schumpeter, Joseph A., 1976, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (5th Edition), London: Allen and Unwin.
Shamir, Michal, and Asher Arian, 1999, “Collective Identity and Electoral Competition in Israel,” American Political Science Review, Vol. 93, No. 2: 265-277.
Shea, Daniel M. and Michael John Burton, 2006, Campaign Craft: The Strategies, Tactics, and Art of Political Campaign Management (3rd Edition), Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
Smith, Gareth and John Saunders, 1990, “The Application of Marketing to British Politics,” Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 5, No. 3: 295-306.
Smithies, Arthur, 1941, “Optimum Location in Spatial Competition,” The Journal of Political Economy 49: 423-439.
Sweeney, William R., 2004, “The Principles of Campaign Planning,” in James A. Thurber and Candice J. Nelson (eds.), Campaigns and Elections American Style (2nd Edition), Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 17-36.
Thurber, James A. and Candice J. Nelson, 1995, “Introduction: The 1992 and 1994 Elections and the Continuing Transformation of American Campaigns,” in James A. Thurber and Candice J. Nelson, (eds.), Campaigns and Elections American Style (1st Edition), Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. xv-xx.
Trent, Judith S. and Robert V. Friedenberg, 1991, Political Campaign Communication: Principles and Practices, New York: Praeger Publishers.
Wang, T. Y. and I-chou Liu, 2004, “Contending Idntities in Taiwan: Implications for Cross-Strait Relations,” Asian Survey, Vol. 44, No.4: 1-15.
Wattenberg, Martin P., 1994, The Decline of American Political Parties: 1952-1992, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Whitely, Paul F., 1988, “The Casual Relationships between Issues, Candidate Evaluations, Party Identification, and Vote Choice – The View From ‘Rolling Thunder,” Journal of Politics, Vol. 50, Iss. 4: 961-984.
Wolfinger, Raymond E., 1995, “Political Polling: From the Beginning to the Center,” in James A. Thurber and Candice J. Nelson, (eds.), Campaigns and Elections American Style (1st Edition), Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 161-180.
Wring, Dominic, 1997, “Reconciling Marketing with Political Science: Theories of Political Marketing,” Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 13, Iss. 7: 651-663.
Wu, Yu-shan, 2005, “Taiwan’s Domestic Politics and Cross-Strait Relations,” The China Journal, No. 53 (January, 2005): 35-60.