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題名:臺灣西南部泥岩區農民生活世界與環境識覺之研究
作者:韓菊美
作者(外文):Jiu-Mei Han
校院名稱:高雄師範大學
系所名稱:地理學系
指導教授:宋國城
吳連賞
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2012
主題關鍵詞:泥岩區農民生活世界環境識覺現象學地理學Mudstone AreaFarmersLife-worldEnvironmental PerceptionPhenomenological Geography
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究藉由胡塞爾現象學的「生活世界」理論、海德格存在主義之詮釋現象學,用人和語言之間的探問關係作為理解環境識覺形構的媒介;具體操作方法則以交談分析法,進行語言文本的拆解與再整合分析。然而,由於現象學地理學方法的應用,在台灣環境識覺的相關研究中尚不普及,甚至仍有許多待討論的空間。因此本研究分七章十五節,以泥岩區農民對環境識覺形構的具體示例,提出在現象學地理學視角下的理論及方法的應用。具體言之,本研究目的有四:其一、建構環境識覺研究的知識論基礎與建立研究架構;其二、建立環境識覺研究的方法論根基;其三、彰明泥岩區農民的生活世界;其四、揭示泥岩區農民環境識覺的形構及其意義內涵。
研究結果顯示,在貧瘠的泥岩區生活是「天不時、地不利、人不和」的生存處境。在物質世界中,水土資源提供少許機會及諸多限制;在可塑世界中,農民透過改良土壤、築溝蓄水等作為,將荒地化為可植栽之地。然而,特定水土保持區的劃定,使泥岩區的土地利用深受政策法令的約束。據此形構出農民對水土資源的認知及法律制度的感受等環境識覺內涵;在感官世界中,農民對地形的命名,說明了他們感官經驗的焦點。空氣清新的嗅覺經驗、泥漿美膚的想像、泥岩地形的正面評價,在在說明感官經驗與生活經驗重合的可能。
此外,農民在生活世界中所揭示的環境識覺形構及意義內涵,說明人如何識覺基本上和人的成長經驗及環境密切相關。在家族因素中,土地繼承制是孕育生活環境識覺的根本基礎;農業生活就是認知活動的學習與實踐。在社會因素中,法律、政治與經濟組織深深影響著農民日常生活的感覺與知覺。在自然因素中,泥岩特殊的物化性質啟發農民的認知、想像與作為。
綜合言之,環境識覺研究不能脫離主體性的問題,透過現象學方法所操作的環境識覺研究,相對量化研究的主流模式,將更能貼近人的主體性事實與意義,並可保留當事人的視角來理解生活世界。換言之,現象學方法超越之處是將人的感覺結構與環境合而為一,而非主客二元對立。透過研究者與受訪者互為主體的交談詮釋過程,終將體現出一個受訪者「在世存有」、「自然而然」的環境識覺。
Adopting Husserl’s phenomenological theory of life-world and Heidegger’s hermeneutical phenomenology of existentialism, this paper attempted to construct human environmental perception by inquiring the relationship between people and their language. The study carried out the conversation analysis of language text by dismantling and re-integrating the text. However, the approach of phenomenological geography to the study of environmental perception has not gained much attention in Taiwan and remained much to be discussed. An attempt was made to present an example of constructing farmers’ environmental perception in the mudstone area with the method of the phenomenological geography. Specifically, this paper aims to address the following issues: first, constructing epistemology as a basis for the study of environmental perception and establishing the research framework; second, proposing a novel methodology of environmental perception research; third, exposing farmers’ life-world in the mudstone area; and fourth, revealing the formation of farmers’ environmental perception and its significance.
The results show that the farmers’ life-world in the barren mudstone area is lack of opportunity and governmental support and situated in an unfavorable environment. In the physical world, the environment limits farmers’ reclamation and the natural resources provide little opportunities to the residents. In the adaptive world, the farmers transformed barren lands into farmlands by improving soils and digging reservoirs. However, laws and regulations impose restrictions on the utilization of mudstone area due to the need of soil and water conservation. Accordingly, these situations affect the ways that the farmers perceive the land, water resources, and the legal system. In the sensuous world, the way that the farmers name the mudstone terrains showed their focus of the sensory experience. The olfactory experience of fresh air, skin-whitening imagination of the mud and positive assessment of mudstone terrain, collectively illustrated the possible superposition of sensory experience and life experience.
Furthermore, the formation and connotation of farmer’s environmental perception disclosed in their life world reveals how people perceive their environment is closely related to people’s growth experience in the environment. In familial factors, land heritage system is the foundation to nurture the perception of living environment; agricultural life is the learning and practice of cognitive activity. In social factors, legal, political and economic organizations have a profound impact on the farmers' sensation and perception of daily life. In natural factors, the distinct physicochemical properties of the mudstones inspire farmers' awareness, imagination and behavior.
In sum, environmental perception cannot be studied with absence of the subjectivity. The phenomenological approach to the environmental perception, as opposed to the mainstream of quantitative approach, will close to the facts of human subjectivity and meaning, and retain the perspective of the interested parties to understanding of the reclamation living world. In other words, the advantage of phenomenological approach is to merge people's structure of sense and their environment into one, rather than to separate the subjectivity from the objectivity. The respondents will eventually reflect a “being-in-the-world” and “naturally natural” environmental perception through the intersubjective interpretation of conversational processes between researcher and respondents.
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