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題名:大學生樂觀、感恩與真實快樂關聯之研究:模式建構與驗證
作者:陳玲婉
作者(外文):Ling-wan Chen
校院名稱:高雄師範大學
系所名稱:教育學系
指導教授:陳密桃博士
李新民博士
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2012
主題關鍵詞:樂觀感恩真實快樂人際關係因應策略optimismgratitudeauthentic happinessinterpersonal relationscoping strategies
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究旨在以Fredrickson的正向情緒擴展建構理論為基礎,探討樂觀、感恩與真實快樂的關聯,瞭解樂觀與感恩是否透過人際關係及因應策略,影響真實快樂。本研究採用問卷調查法,抽取台灣282名大學生為預試樣本,以做為量表信、效度之分析依據;另以1251名大學生為正式樣本,分析不同背景變項在各研究變項之差異、並建構及驗證關聯模式。研究工具則包含「基本資料表」、「樂觀量表」、「感恩量表」、「人際關係量表」、「因應策略量表」及「真實快樂量表」。本研究採用探索性因素分析、驗證性因素分析、描述統計、單因子多變量變異數分析、單因子單變量變異數分析及結構方程模式分析資料。
本研究的主要發現如下:
一、大學生的樂觀、感恩、人際關係、因應策略及真實快樂的測量模式契合觀察資料。
二、大學生的樂觀與其「性別」、「學院別」及「年級」等變項有關聯;大學生的感恩與「性別」及「學院別」等變項有關聯;大學生的人際關係與「性別」、「公私立別」、「學院別」及「年級」等變項有關聯;大學生的因應策略與「性別」、「公私立別」、「學院別」及「年級」等變項有關聯;大學生的真實快樂與「性別」、「公私立別」、「學院別」、及「年級」等變項有關聯。
三、大學生的樂觀對真實快樂有直接效果;此外,人際關係及因應策略在樂觀與真實快樂間為完全中介,間接效果大於直接效果。
四、大學生的感恩對真實快樂有直接效果;此外,在控制人際關係及因應策略的誤差相關後,人際關係及因應策略在感恩與真實快樂間為完全中介,間接效果大於直接效果。
最後,本研究根據上述研究結論,提出具體建議,以供大學生、大學及後續研究之參考。
The study was based on Fredrickson’s broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions; it aimed to investigate the relationships among optimism, gratitude and authentic happiness of university students. Furthermore, the study constructed the model and verified if interpersonal relations and coping strategies were the mediators of the model.
A questionnaire survey was conducted in this study. The first data obtained from 282 students was employed to test the reliability and validity of all the scales. The second data from 1251 students was meant to explore the difference between demographic variables and optimism, gratitude, interpersonal relations, coping strategies and authentic happiness; in addition, they were used to construct and verify the structural model.
The samples completed self-report instruments including Basic Data Questionnaire, Optimism Scale, Gratitude Scale, Interpersonal Relations Scale, Coping Strategies Scale and Authentic Happiness Scale. Data obtained from the survey were analyzed by Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Descriptive Statistics, one-way ANOVA, one way MANOVA and structural equation modeling (AMOS). The major findings of this research were as follows:
1. The scales were appropriate to evaluate university students’ optimism, gratitude, interpersonal relations, coping strategies and authentic happiness.
2. The university students’ optimism differed according to gender, college and grade; their gratitude correlated with gender and college; their interpersonal relations differed according to gender, public/private school, college and grade; their coping strategies correlated with gender, public/private school, college and grade; and their authentic happiness differed according to gender, public/private school, college and grade.
3. The university students’ optimism had a direct and positive effect on their authentic happiness. The relationship between optimism and authentic happiness was also mediated by interpersonal relations and coping strategies. The indirect effect was greater than the direct effect.
4. The university students’ gratitude directly and positively impacted their authentic happiness. The relationship between gratitude and authentic happiness was also mediated by interpersonal relations and coping strategies. The indirect effect was greater than the direct effect.
According to the findings and conclusions, this study proposed the suggestions for university students, universities and future research.
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