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題名：熟悉度、可分析性和語境對中文成語理解的影響
作者：鄭雅丰 引用關係
作者(外文)：Cheng, Ya-Feng
校院名稱：臺北市立教育大學
系所名稱：教育學系博士班
指導教授：梁雲霞
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2012
主題關鍵詞：中文成語；熟悉度；可分析性；語境；成語理解；Chinese idiom；familiarity；analyzability；context；idiom comprehension
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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本研究旨在探討影響中文成語理解表現之因素。研究者利用三個實驗，探討熟悉度、可分析性、語境在中文成語理解上的作用，且特別關注在有語境、無語境兩種不同的情境中，熟悉度、可分析性對受試者理解表現的影響，也分別檢驗了這三項因素在成人和兒童成語理解歷程中的作用，以增進對中文成語理解歷程的認識。
實驗一採用單獨呈現成語的方式，以大學生為受試者，利用兩個實驗任務，探討熟悉度、可分析性在中文成語理解中的作用。實驗二採用的是2（語境）x2（熟悉度）x3（可分析性）的三因子組內設計，進一步的探討熟悉度、可分析性、語境這三者，在成人理解歷程中的作用情形。實驗三則是以國小學童為受試者，採用與實驗二相同的研究設計，探討熟悉度、可分析性、語境對兒童成語理解的影響。
綜合上述三個實驗的結果，本研究的主要發現為：
(一)熟悉度對成人和兒童的成語表現都具有促進理解的作用，且隨著年齡的增長，熟悉度的影響力也隨之提昇。
(二)可分析性在成人和兒童的理解歷程中，都顯現出重要的提昇理解表現作用，且隨著熟悉度的提高，可分析性的影響力更得以展現。
(三)熟悉度、可分析性在語境中仍然可以發揮作用，且隨著語境的加入，可再度提昇熟悉度、可分析性的促進理解效果。
(四)可分析性對成人和兒童的成語理解表現，維持著相對穩定的個別貢獻力，顯示出只要能夠利用成語的可分析特質，就可以產生一定程度的提昇理解表現作用，足見可分析性在中文成語理解中的重要性。
(五)中文成語是一種具備較高描述性與譬喻性的比喻性語言，當研究結果顯示中文成語只要具備中等程度的可分析性，就足以展現可觀的促進理解作用時，顯見善用成語的可分析特質，應是特別有助於提昇中文成語理解的途徑。
根據本研究的結果，研究者認為，成熟的成語學習者具備了運用熟悉度、可分析性、語境來獲得成語意義的能力，且利用成語的可分析特質來協助理解，則是特別有助於提昇中文成語理解表現的方式。最後，研究者亦分別針對成語教學與未來研究兩方面，提出建議以供參考。
The purpose of this study was to explore the factors affecting Chinese idiom comprehension. Three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of familiarity, analyzability, and context on idiom comprehension, particularly the effects of familiarity and analyzability with and without context as well as the role of each factor during the comprehension process of adults and children.
In Experiment 1, two experimental tasks and only idioms were used to examine the effects of familiarity and analyzability on idiom comprehension in undergraduates. In Experiment 2, a 2(context) x 2(familiarity) x 3(analyzability) design was employed to examine the effects of each factor on idiom comprehension in adults. In Experiment 3, the same design was adopted to examine the effects of each factor on idiom comprehension in elementary school children.
The main findings were summarized as follows:
1. Familiarity promoted idiom comprehension among both adults and children, and its effects increased with the age of idiom users.
2. Analyzability also promoted idiom comprehension among both adults and children, and its effects increased with the increase of familiarity.
3. The effects of familiarity and analyzability on idiom comprehension persisted in the presence of contexts. Besides, contexts could help amplify the effects of familiarity and analyzability on idiom comprehension.
4. The effects of analyzability were relatively more consistent among adults and children, suggesting that proper use of analyzability could lead to a higher level of idiom comprehension. This finding also highlighted the importance of analyzability for Chinese idiom comprehension.
5. Chinese idioms are expressions that are essentially more descriptive and analogical. An intermediate level of analyzability had a considerable effect on idiom comprehension of research participants, suggesting that making use of analyzability of idioms is an effective approach to Chinese idiom comprehension.
Based on experimental results, this study concluded that mature idiom learners have the ability to make use of familiarity, analyzability, and context to better comprehend idioms, and taking advantage of the analyzability of idioms is especially effective in promoting Chinese idiom comprehension. Finally, this study also provided some suggestions on idioms instruction and research.
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