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題名:由學校到勞動市場:教育與訓練對青年與青少年就業的影響
作者:楊家裕
作者(外文):Chia-Yu, Yang
校院名稱:國立中正大學
系所名稱:社會福利學系暨研究所
指導教授:葉秀珍
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2013
主題關鍵詞:由學校到勞動市場青年與青少年就業教育訓練from school to labor marketYouth and Teenager Employmenteducationtraining
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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青年與青少年失業現象日益惡化已為全球性的問題,世界各國皆面對日趨嚴重的青少年就業危機,為了防止青少年的失業情形持續地惡化,世界各國皆擬定積極的政策來促進青少年就業的相關政策。而青年與青少年為國家未來的重要資產,如何防範其失業與協助失業的青年與青少年重回勞動市場的政策擬定,實為當務之急。為了進一步了解有關由學校到勞動市場的銜接過程中,教育與訓練對青年與青少年的影響,本研究嘗試透過相關文獻探討與運用相關資料庫調查進行統計分析,並整理台灣就業政策進行相關討論,以了解我國目前青年與青少年就業問題現況與相關政策。研究結果發現目前我國教育與訓練體系與青少年就業促進政策仍有許多可改進之處,最後本研究嘗試進一步從研究結果與發現中提出建議,以作為未來政策修改的參考方向。
本研究主要發現如下:
一、大學生畢業後生涯選擇部分,在接受高等教育決定上,男性選擇升學的機會遠大於女性;公立大學畢業的大學生選擇繼續深造的可能性高於私立大學畢業的同儕;而學校整體的好評價有助於提升學生畢業後選擇升學的比例,但就台灣的高教環境而言,並不會對大學生產生關鍵性的影響。
二、教育的效果對於選擇進入勞動市場的決定確實是存在且因不同教育程度而有其差異,但對於失業的風險則無差異。接受教育愈高者愈傾向繼續升學取得更高的學歷及累積更豐富的人力資本,但碩博士因位於高等教育的末段,在學有所成之後選擇投入勞動市場之中。
三、在職業訓練部分,不論是從主動參與職訓或接受指派參與職訓的情形來看,沒有參與任一類型訓練者有較高的機會落入失業的風險,從此研究結果也顯示參與職訓對工作的取得或保有工作有正面的意義。
四、雖然相關部會自2000年起陸續推動多項青年與青少年就業促進方案,但由歷年失業率的變遷情形可知,降低失業率的成效仍有待提升,主要原因在於台灣青年與青少年就業政策是從問題解決面向來思考,較重視就業的短暫歷程,以致於政策規劃較缺乏跨專業領域的整合機制來共同擘劃青年與青少年就業相關政策。
Aggravation of youth and teenager unemployment has been a global issue. All countries are facing a serious danger of teenager employment. In order to keep the unemployment from getting worse, every country has drafted some active policies to promote teenager employment. Moreover, youth and teenager are important estates for countries’ future; as a result, policies about how to prevent and assist unemployed youth and teenager in returning to labor market would be the front burner. For further understanding about the connected process from school to labor market and the effect of education and training for youth and teenager, this research tries to do statistics analysis trough related documents and databases and arranges employment policies in Taiwan to have some discussions. The result discovered that in Taiwan, there are some spaces for policies to improve such as educational and training system and promotion of teenager employment. At last, this research tries to address some advice among the research results as a reference for modifying policies in the future.
The main results in the paper are as follows:
I. After graduating from colleges, especially when receiving higher education, the enrollment rate for men is higher than women. Then, graduates from public schools has higher possibility for receiving further education than private schools’ graduates. And schools’ good reputation would promote the rate of entering higher education after their students graduate. However, in Taiwan, reputation of school would not be the key factor .
II. The effect of education and different educational status are influential to entering labor market or not, but not to unemployment rate. People who receive higher education tend to get further educational status and qualification, yet most of master and PhD students would enter labor market after finishing their degrees because they are in the final stage of higher education.
III. No matter attending vocational training spontaneously or not, the research result shows that people who never attends any kind of training may face the higher possibility of unemployment. Also, it shows that vocational trainings are beneficial to work finding and keeping.
IV. Although officials has promoted many acts for youth and teenager since 2000, the effect of decreasing the rate of unemployment is not so ideal and it has some spaces to improve accroding to the rate of unemployment over the years. The main reason is that policies of Taiwan youth and teenager employment put more emphasis on short-term employing process but lack of intergration from different professional fields.
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謝雨生(1990)。〈臺灣勞動力人口組成變遷對勞力未適當運用的影響〉,論文發表於《人口變遷與社會發展研討會》。舉辦地點:中央研究院經濟研究所。new window
藍科正、林嘉慧、吳惠林(1994)。〈台灣的高級人力需求預測〉。《教育研究new window
顏敏娟、葉秀珍(1997)。〈臺灣地區教育與職業不對稱階層化變遷之研究:1979與1996〉。《國立中正大學學報》,8(1),37-71。
羅益強、史仕培、陳雅慧(2002)。《借鏡荷蘭》。台北:天下雜誌股份有限公司。

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