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題名:從橡皮圖章到專業立法?中國大陸全國人大專門委員會的制度化評估
作者:張鈞智
作者(外文):Chang, Chun-Chih
校院名稱:國立政治大學
系所名稱:東亞研究所
指導教授:趙建民
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2013
主題關鍵詞:全國人民代表大會制度化專門委員會韌性威權橡皮圖章
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中國大陸全國人民代表大會制度向來被詬病為橡皮圖章(Rubber Stamp),僅具有合法化威權政體之功能,但隨著政治體制的理性化和法制化趨勢,人大制度可能扮演不同的角色。
本文借鑑議會委員會理論,探討九至十一屆全國人大專門委員會的制度化(institutionalization)發展及其成效,研究發現有四:
一、在三個制度化的指標當中,專委會以繁複性發展最為顯著,周界和普遍原則的建立仍面臨許多障礙。
二、專委會領導階層的任免以部門利益而非專業為優先考量,但相較於無專業背景者,擁有專業背景者續任專委會職務的機率顯著較高。
三、不同委員會在甄補成員時會考量不同因素,但相較於其他委員會,最具影響力的法律委員會未能以專業背景作為成員甄補的重要標準,不利於專委會的專業化。
四、專委會制度化的成效展現在立法審議功能的強化,但立法起草的功能有所限縮,證明專委會的作用仍受到限制,另外,各個委員會之間面臨工作份量輕重不一的問題。
研究結果指出,中國大陸全國人大專委會的制度化以專業立法的功能發展最為顯著,但仍面臨若干問題,制度化發展其實是依循黨國(party-state)邏輯,其目標是建構專業的議會制度,以更有效維持黨國利益,本研究為韌性威權(resilient authoritarianism)理論提出明確的例證。
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