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題名:從地方知識觀點探討文化企業在社區形成的歷程-以台灣三個文化企業為例
作者:余政龍
作者(外文):Cheng-LungYu
校院名稱:國立成功大學
系所名稱:都市計劃學系碩博士班
指導教授:孔憲法
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2013
主題關鍵詞:社區文化資源社區中文化企業形成歷程地方知識CommunityCultural ResourcesCultural Enterprises in CommunitiesFormation ProcessesLocal Knowledge
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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社區,作為城鄉的基本單元,其發展現象是個跨領域研究的課題,無論是空間規劃、社會文化、產業經濟等,皆存在不同的研究取向與工具,台灣社區在經濟層面的發展,自1994年社區總體營造政策推動後,產業發展思維主要聚焦於「文化產業化、產業文化化」兩種發展概念模式,其旨在藉由推動地方文化產業發展,來達到振興地方經濟的目的。但是經過近二十年的努力,社區的文化產業仍舊受限於主客觀因素而進展緩慢,如企業經營技巧、創意設計能力等方面的短缺。此種透過政策誘導產業形成的發展模式,是否存在適用性與限制性?易言之,從微觀角度思考,文化產業的企業體在社區中形成應具備何種條件?其形成歷程可能對地方產生何種影響?則值得加以探討。
本研究為找出箇中原因,從微觀角度進行社區中企業體的研究,經過長達八年多的觀察與分析後,發現許多企業體已存在於社區中,卻未被定義與界定,以致於在瞭解社區文化產業相關產業課題時,因未能掌握問題核心而受到限制。因此,本研究將這類企業體界定為在社區形成的文化企業,並依據相關理論與文獻所提供的論述觀點,整理出這類文化企業在社區中的發展歷程。此歷程的探討牽涉空間層面的地方性、文化層面的地方知識(文化資源)、經濟層面的企業組織等三構面,亦即在時間推移的過程中,社區中的文化企業如何克服既有的困境,而達到經濟或文化等層面的果效。尤其,社區在文化面的地方知識累積背景,也是促成企業在創意發想的必需養分,更是其避免文化被均質化或流失的保護網。所以,從企業體本身在社區的形成歷程觀察,可以更細緻找到一般統計數字所無法涵蓋的現象。
本研究即在此一背景下,利用質性研究方法,從個案分析、跨個案分析、紮根理論、歸納、推演等方式的運用,經過八年多、共五個階段的循環檢視,試圖建立可供操作模式,以提供相關從業者或研究工作者,在實務操作與理論建立方面,可資參考的資訊與經驗。
本論文主要架構分為八個部分,分別為緒論、文獻回顧、研究設計、部落型個案分析、鄉鎮型個案分析、都市型個案分析、討論、結論等。主要研究成果主要是提供都市規劃領域進行文化產業活動時分析的基礎,包括1.文化企業在社區形成歷程三構面變化情況釐清並確認,2.社區中文化企業形成歷程的地方知識累積現象歸納,3.文化企業在社區形成歷程所衍生的空間生產關係闡明。
Community is considered as the basic unit of urban and rural area. Its development observation is the research issue of cross fields, such as spatial planning, social culture, and industrial economy, where there exists the different research approaches and tools. Since 1994 the economic development of communities in Taiwan mainly focused on the two conceptual patterns: cultural industrialization and industrial culturalization, which were namely supported by the policy of Community Building from Taiwan government. However, after the empirical practices of nearly two decades the two patterns above were still limited by some critical factors which include poor enterprise management skills and tiny creative design capacity. Such situation causes some doubts among researchers concerning their suitability and limitation. And what kinds of conditions will be the needed for the formation processes? Even what effects will be caused from these processes?
Therefore, for this main purpose the author spent over eight years on the study of community enterprises from the micro views and gained some current outcomes. The study shows that these enterprises have been existed in communities for a long time yet undefined as a result that some related researches as community cultural industries can not offer the proper solutions to deal with the cruicial problems because of the shortages of the real understanding about the core of economic development handicaps. In this study the author defined such enterprises as Cultural Enterprises in Communities (CECs) and tried to conclude their characteristics according to the literature review. Then it is interesting that these development characteristics indicate how community culture resources can be uplifted on the economic and cultural effectiveness through the value adding processes of creative design. To realize this phenomenon, local knowledge rooted in community culture resources becomes the needed nutrients for creativity, protects community culture from unification and lose, and sheds new light for researchers on the understanding of the mystery concerning the potential patterns. Following this weak but encouraging light, the author discovered the relationship between local knowledge accumulation and formation processes for the development of CECs, which offers the possibility to find out the new patterns for community industries development.
Based on this background, this study intends to apply qualitative methods, such case study, multiple cases study, enterprise life cycle, ground theory, concluding, and inducing, etc., in order to build up the operative patterns to offer some relative researchers and enterprisers the experiences and current information. Especially, in the recent years the research field of designing industries becomes attractive for various researchers and enterprises, it would be the proper approach to explore this issue from the micro view of enterprise itself and be good for defining some undefined details in such field. The outcomes of this study can also be useful in realizing some specific industries from larger range, for instance, community cultural industries.
This dissertation include eight sections which are introduction, literature review, research design, clan type of case studt, rural type of case study, urban type of case study, discussion, and conclusion. The main outcomes which would supply the base to analyze cultural industries activities for urban planning include, 1.Defining the formation processes of cultural enterprises in communities through the changes from three aspects, 2. Concluding the phenomena concerning the accumulation of local knowledge from this formation processes, 3.Explaining the spatial producing relationships caused by this processes.
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