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題名:商業利益對新聞記者專業價值之衝突與情緒轉折
作者:何月妃
作者(外文):Yueh-Fei Ho
校院名稱:國立中正大學
系所名稱:企業管理研究所
指導教授:連雅慧
艾昌瑞
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2014
主題關鍵詞:商業利益新聞記者專業價值價值衝突情緒勞務敘說探究Market-driven journalismJournalist’s ethic normsValue conflictEmotional laborNarrative inquiry
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在競爭激烈的市場利益導向下,媒體也免不了遭遇經濟壓力的困境。因此媒體逐漸棄守新聞專業的倫理價值而開始傾向商業利益的新聞報導。不論是稱廣告主的新聞、置入性行銷、商業利益導向的新聞或是公關稿的形式,消費者在接受新聞傳播的過程中不知不覺接收了廣告主所置入的商品,在此傳播過程中,消費者(即閱聽眾)毫無反抗能力的被媒體的知識權給操控。商業利益與新聞專業是近年來國內媒體的現象,此一議題引起許多學者對商業與倫理的激辯,也因此吸引了本研究的關注,據此,本研究以探討在此雙元困境下記者如何面對其價值衝突,且其衝突背後的情緒轉折又如何經歷作為本研究的研究目的。
為了瞭解情緒轉折的歷程,本研究採用質性研究中的敘說探究為研究方法,藉由敘說探究檢視記者在面對迎合商業利益與捍衛新聞專業的困境中如何面對其價值的衝突,且衝突背後又如何調節情緒以滿足組織對其工作的情緒要求。研究共訪談26名新聞記者,這26名記者中有14位在電視台服務,其餘12位為報社的記者。本研究以面對面深入訪談的方式進行,每一個訪談都經過受訪者的同意進行錄音,訪談結束後最遲三天內會把訪談內容打成逐字稿以利未來資料分析,除了訪談的逐字稿外,研究資料還包括媒體與記者的相關檔案資料、實地觀察與團體訪談。研究結果發現國內記者身處於新聞專業等於商業利益、商業利益大於新聞專業與新聞專業大於商業利益的三種情境類型中。此外,本研究以利害關係人理論的整合觀點與情緒勞務的觀點探究記者置身在商業利益與新聞專業的困境中如何歷經價值的衝突與情緒轉折的完整歷程。最後,本研究藉由研究文本的分析發現影響記者價值衝突與情緒轉折的兩大構面:記者對新聞專業的捍衛程度與其對商業利益的接受程度。根據這兩個構面的發現,本研究提出八個研究命題且針對實務的意涵加以討論。
In a market environment where there are intense competitive pressures, media are under severe economic hardship. For this reason, media undergoing economic pressures are more willing to compromise on economically powerful players within a market than ethical norms. Advertorials, product placement, market-driven journalism and certain forms of public relations all potentially are ethically problematic because of consumers’ inability to identy whether the information in sponsored. The phenomenon of market-driven journalism and ethical norms draws attention to explore how journalists raise conflicts while they are involved in this situation, and what the process of emotions they have been changed.
To reveal the process of different emotion phases, the study adopts the narrative inquiry to review how journalists initiate the value conflict and how they manage emotions to cope with the requirement of media under the dilemma of market-driven journalism and ethical norms. The researcher made a total of 26 face-to-face interviews and each one was recorded in field notes within 3 days. 14 participants are working for TV, and 12 in newspaper firms in Taiwan. The rich data I collected included observation, documents, and individual and group interviewes. This finding shows that journalists in Taiwan are involved in the following situations; the balance of market-driven journalism and ethical norms, a tendency towards market-driven journalism and the phenomenon of ethical norms over market-driven journalism. Moreover, this study highlights the intergrative perspective of stakeholders and emotional labor as the core explanation for the integral process of emotional change on the dilemma of market-driven journalism and ethical norms. The results reveal a review that there seems to be considerable influence while journalists are encountering on the dilemma of market-driven journalism and ethical norms around two dimensions: the journalists’ supporting of ethical norms and their acceptance of market-driven journalism. Meanwhile, eight propositions emerged. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.
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