:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:從復原力觀點建構青少年藥物濫用與偏差行為影響因素模式之研究
作者:葉怡伶
作者(外文):Yeh, Yi Ling
校院名稱:國立政治大學
系所名稱:教育研究所
指導教授:王鍾和
林健陽
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2014
主題關鍵詞:青少年復原力偏差行為藥物濫用結構方程模式adolescentresiliencedelinquencydrug abusestructural equation modeling
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:191
本研究旨在建構青少年藥物濫用與偏差行為之影響因素模式,並瞭解復原力如何對青少年藥物濫用與偏差行為產生影響。本研究共分為兩組,在一般組青少年的部份,以台灣地區11所國、高中職(含進修學校)1711 位青少年為研究對象;藥物濫用組則是以台灣地區13所矯治機構中,555位藥物濫用青少年為研究對象。研究工具包括衝動性人格量表、父母依附關係量表、師生互動關係量表、同儕關係量表、偏差同儕量表、青少年復原力量表、青少年偏差行為量表與藥物濫用程度量表。本研究採用描述性統計分析、探索性因素分析、驗證性因素分析、單因子多變量變異數分析、Pearson積差相關與結構方程模式進行資料分析。研究主要發現如下:
(一) 藥物濫用組青少年之衝動性人格、與父母之間的疏離感、所接觸的偏差同儕及其行為偏差程度顯著高於一般組。
(二) 兩組青少年和父母、教師以及同儕之間均有良好的依附與互動關係。但一般組青少年之師生互動與同儕關係顯著高於藥物濫用組。
(三) 兩組青少年皆有良好的復原力。然一般組青少年在「同理心與人際互動」及「情緒調節」的得分上較高。而藥物濫用組則是在「希望與樂觀」的面向上得分較高。
(四) 整體而言,藥物濫用組青少年之藥物渴求與藥物依賴程度並不高。
(五) 衝動性人格與偏差同儕是直接影響青少年偏差行為的關鍵危險因子,而父母依附關係則是使得青少年偏差行為下降的保護因子。衝動性人格、師生互動關係、同儕關係以及偏差同儕會透過復原力,提高個體行為偏差的程度。僅有父母依附關係會透過復原力降低青少年的偏差行為。
(六) 藥物濫用雙模式驗證結果皆顯示復原力是直接影響青少年藥物濫用的關鍵保護因子;而偏差行為則是對青少年藥物濫用有直接影響的關鍵危險因子。衝動性人格、師生互動關係與偏差同儕都會透過復原力與偏差行為,而提高青少年藥物濫用的程度。而父母依附關係與同儕關係則是會透過復原力及偏差行為降低青少年的藥物濫用。
最後,根據本研究主要發現提出若干意見,以提供相關單位與人員在教育、犯罪矯正與學術研究上之參考。
The aim of this study was to construct the factor model of drug abuse and delinquency among adolescent and to explore the influence of resilience on the factor model. The participants in this study were 1711 middle school students and 555 youth drug offenders in prisons in Taiwan. Moreover, the employed instruments included the Inventory of Impulsive Personality, the Inventory of Parent Attachment, the Inventory of Teacher-student Interaction, the Peer Subscale of TRICA, the Inventory of peer delinquency, the Inventory of Adolescent Resilience, Juvenile delinquency Questionnaire, and the Inventory of Drug Abuse. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, one-way MANOVA, Pearson correlation, and SEM. The main findings of this study were as follows:
(1) Youth drug offenders had high levels impulsivity and engaged in more delinquent behavior than the normal group; they also felt more alienated by their parents; youth drug offenders’ peers engage in more delinquent behaviors than the normal subjects.
(2) Both normal subjects and youth drug offenders were perceived high levels of teacher-students interaction, parental attachment, and good peer relationship. Nevertheless, normal subjects had stronger perceived teacher’s influence and better peer relationship than the youth drug offenders.
(3) Both normal subjects and youth drug offenders had high levels of resilience; nevertheless, normal subjects outperformed the youth drug offenders on the “empathy and interpersonal interaction” and “emotional regulation”. Youth drug offenders outperformed the normal subjects on the “hope and optimism”.
(4) Youth drug offenders didn’t have high levels of drug craving, dependence, and drug abuse.
(5) Adolescent impulsive personality and peer delinquency as the risk factors had direct effects on juvenile delinquency; conversely, parental attachment was the protective factors. Moreover, adolescent impulsive personality, teacher-student interaction, peer relationship, and peer delinquency had indirect effect on their delinquent behavior via resilience.
(6) According to these two factor models of drug abuse, teacher-student interaction and peer delinquency had direct effect on drug abuse for model 1; and only teacher-student interaction had direct effect on drug abuse for Model 2. Moreover, the results of these two factor models, resilience were the important protective factor against drug abuse; conversely, juvenile delinquency as the risk factor had the direct effect on drug abuse. As the result, impulsive personality, teacher-student interaction, and peer delinquency had indirect positive effect on drug abuse via resilience and juvenile delinquency; moreover, parental attachment and peer relationship had indirect negative effect on drug abuse via resilience and juvenile delinquency.
Recommendations for family, school, correctional institution, and future study are discussed.
一、 中文部份

孔繁鐘譯(1999)。DSM-IV 精神疾病診斷與統計。臺北:合記。
王伯頎(2005)。犯罪少年生活歷程及思考型態之研究。國立中正大學犯罪防治所博士論文,未出版,嘉義。new window
王超羣(2008)。成年男性首次吸毒之心理認知及環境影響危險因子研究-以臺灣澎湖監獄毒品受刑人為例。國立中山大學公共事務管理研究所碩士在職專班碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
王瑞壎(2002)。從符號互動論的觀點探討學校組織文化。臺東師範學院學報,13(上),61-90。new window
王鍾和(1993)。家庭結構、父母管教方式與子女行為表現。國立政治大學教育系博士論文,未出版,臺北。new window
田秀蘭(2005)。兒童衝動性格、未來期待、休閒活動與違犯行為之相關研究。中華輔導學報,17,105-130。new window
立法院(2012)。內政委員會會議記錄。立法院公報,101(46),295-352。
江振亨(2004)。藥物濫用受刑人生涯發展歷程之研究。教育與心理研究,27(3),527-554。new window
江振亨(2005)。認知諮商之概念構圖策略在藥癮心理戒治之運用。犯罪學會會訊,7(3),32-41。
江振亨(2009)。從復原力探討矯治社會工作在犯罪矯治之運用與發展。社區發展季刊,125,424-439。new window
余民寧(2006)。潛在變項模式-SIMPLIS的應用。臺北:高等教育。
余育斌、許華孚(2005)。藥物濫用少年與其社會網絡之互動要素分析:以明陽中學收容少年為例。犯罪學期刊,8(1),65-98。new window
吳其炘、廖士程、李宇宙(2005)。衝動的精神病理學。臺灣精神醫學,19(1),19-32。new window
吳怡靜(2005)。青少年,過早富裕的一代。天下雜誌,335,38。
吳明隆(2007)。SPSS操作與應用-問卷統計分析實務。臺北:五南。
吳明隆(2009)。SPSS操作與應用-多變量分析實務。臺北:五南。
吳明隆、涂金堂(2008)。SPSS 與統計應用分析。臺北:五南。
吳武典(1992)。偏差行為的診斷恩與輔導。現代教育,7(25),17-26.
吳治勳、吳英璋、許文耀、蕭仁釗(2008)。「臺灣兒童及青少年關係量表(TRICA)」之編製和心理計量特性研究。測驗學刊,55(3),535-557。new window
吳芝儀(2000)。國中階段中輟學生輟學經驗與危機因素之研究。犯罪學期刊,5,179-232。new window
吳英璋、溫明星(2005)。從整體學業自我效能感談青少年偏差行為與犯罪行為之形成。日新,5,34-44。
吳齊殷、高英美(2001)。看顧臺灣的未來:臺灣青少年藥物使用相關信念、態度與行為的長期研究。(行政院衛生署委託報告,計畫編號:DOH90-NNB-1001)。
宋麗玉(2002)。精神病患照顧者負荷量表之發展與驗證─以實務應用為取向。社會政策與社會工作學刊,16(1),61-101。new window
李文傑、吳齊殷(2004)。棒打出壞子?:青少年暴力行為的連結機制。臺灣社會學,7,1-46。new window
李志恆(2003)。我國青少年藥物濫用之探討。論文發表於中華民國犯罪學會與國立中正大學共同主辦之「2003青少年問題研討會」,嘉義。
李沃牆、郭宸臻(2012)。銀行經營績效與經營指標關聯性之研究-分量迴歸之應用。臺灣銀行季刊,63(2),1-33。new window
李信良(2003)。藥物濫用青少年與家庭之間的關係(1)-後設分析。警學叢刊,34,235-251。new window
李盈穎、劉承賢、賀先蕙(2006)。溺愛戰爭。商業週刊,977,86-94。
李景美、張鳳琴、賴香如、江振東、李碧霞、陳雯昭、張瑜真。臺北縣市高職學生開始使用成癮物質之危險與保護因子追蹤研究。臺灣公共衛生雜誌,27(5),399-410。new window
李毓倩(2006)。成年安非他命濫用者自重感、內在抑制力、用藥信念與復發意向之相關研究。國立中正大學犯罪防治所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義。
李碧霞(1999)。青少年藥物濫用問題與學校藥物教育之探討。學校衛生,34,49-68。
李璧伊、王建楠(2006)。談青少年物質濫用。基層醫療,21(11),312-317。
周文勇(2002)。青少年犯罪幫派形成之影響因素與特質之研究。中央警察大學犯罪防治研究所博士論文,未出版,桃園。new window
周文欽、高熏芳、王俊明(1996)。研究方法概論。臺北:國立空中大學。
周思源、李玫姿、梁文敏、張麗惠、郭憲華、賴璟賢、朱日橋、郭憲文(2006)。臺灣地區在校青少年吸煙、喝酒及嚼食檳榔與藥物使用之盛行率。中臺灣醫誌,11,177-186。
周國雄、施威良(2006)。美麗的江湖?臺北縣少年參與幫派前後歷程與價值選擇之研究(臺北縣政府警察局研究報告)。臺北:內政部警政署。
周愫嫻(2001)。愛上學的孩子,不會變壞嗎?論學校因素與青少年偏差行為之關係。應用心理研究,11,93-115。new window
周愫嫻(2004)。社會階級與少年偏差行為關係。犯罪學期刊,17(1),31-47。new window
林志哲(2007)。發現復原力:一個來自心理脈絡的觀點。輔導季刊,43(1),1-8。new window
林志哲(2010)。大學生感恩特質及其與社會支持、因應型態及幸福感之關係。國立政治大學教育系博士論文,未出版,臺北。new window
林俊瑩、黃毅志(2008)。影響臺灣地區學生學業成就的因果機制:結構方程模式的探究。臺灣教育社會學研究,8(1),45-88。new window
林家興、黃詩殷、洪美鈴(2005)。受保護處分少年家長人格特質、親子關係與家庭環境之調查研究。教育心理學報,37(1),23-39。new window
林健陽、陳玉書、何明哲(2010)。成年新犯毒品施用者繼續施用傾向相關因素之研究。載於2010年藥物濫用與犯罪國際研討會論文集(頁179-226),嘉義:國立中正大學。
林瑞欽(2006)。男性安非他命濫用者之性格特質、用藥非理性信念、用藥渴求與復發意向之研究。犯罪與刑事司法研究,7,35-80。new window
林瑞欽、黃秀瑄(2003)。吸毒者認知行為策略戒治成效之研究(I)。(國科會研究報告,計畫編號:NSC-91-2414-H-194-007-SSS)
林瑞欽、黃秀瑄、江振亨(2004)。海洛因與安非他命用藥者用藥信念、再用藥意向與犯罪行為之比較研究。論文發表於中華民國犯罪學會、中華民國矯正協會與中央警察大學主辦之「2004年亞太地區犯罪問題與對策研討會」,桃園。
法務部(2009)。民國九十八年少年兒童犯罪概況及其分析。臺北:法務部。
法務部(2012)。最新毒品統計摘要。2012年7月22日,取自http://www.moj.gov.tw/site/moj/public/MMO/moj/stat/new/newtxt5.pdf
法務部、教育部、衛生署(1993)。82年反毒報告書。臺北:法務部、教育部、衛生署。
邱似齡(2008)。同理心對少年暴力行為區辨效力之研究。國立中正大學犯罪防治研究所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義。
邱鐵雄、賴志嘉、林恂恂(2003)。藥理學精義。臺北:藝軒。
侯崇文(2001)。家庭結構、家庭關係與青少年偏差行為探討。應用心理學刊,11,25-43。new window
侯崇文(2003)。青少年犯罪問題與政策現況。載於刑事政策與犯罪研究論文集(六)(頁131-148)。臺北:法務部。
柯慧貞(2005)。全國大專校院學生藥物使用盛行率與其相關心理社會因素之追蹤研究。(行政院衛生署科技研究報告,計畫編號:DOH94-NNB-1012)
柯慧貞、黃徵男、林幸勳、廖德富(2003)。吸毒病犯之戒治處遇成效與再犯之預測因子研究。(行政院衛生署科技研究報告,計畫編號:DOH92-NNB-1025)
胡海國、林信國譯(1996)。國際疾病分類第十版(ICD-10)。臺北:中華民國精神醫學會。
范國勇(2001)。青少年偏差行為理論整合之預測模式。中央警察大學犯罪防治學報,2,75-100。new window
孫育智(2004)。青少年的依附品質、情緒智力與適應之關係。國立中山大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
孫旻儀、石文宜、王鍾和(2007)。國中學生人格特質與師生互動關係之研究。諮商與輔導學報,29(2),51-72。
袁正綱、李春鶯(2009)。我國服務業顧客滿意度指標評估模型之發展探討。龍華科技大學學報,28,103-121。
馬傳鎮(2008)。犯罪心理學新論。臺北市:心理。new window
高振傑、柯慧貞(2002)。併有與不併有反社會性格疾患之物質濫用受刑人在華人七大性格向度之比較。論文發表於第四屆華人心理學家學術研討會暨第六屆華人心理與行為科際學術研討會,臺北。
常欣怡、宋麗玉(2007)。青少年復原力概念與相關研究之探究。東吳社會工作學報,17,172-192。new window
張伯宏(2007)。我國毒品戒治政策與成效之研究。國立中正大學犯罪防治研究所博士論文,未出版,嘉義。new window
張伯宏、郭文正、鄭安凱(2008)。藥癮復發風險預測之實證研究。犯罪與刑事司法研究,11,133-167。new window
張美儀(2005)。修訂學童復原力量表及其影響因素之研究。國立臺北護理學院醫護教育研究所未出版之碩士論文,臺北。
張淑慧(2007)。中輟輔導的思考—談中輟少年的復原力。中等教育,58(5),56-73。new window
張景然(2001)。青少年犯罪學。臺北:巨流。
張楓明(2003)。社會控制與青少年偏差行為-以雲嘉地區為例。載於齊力、董旭英(主編),臺灣青少年偏差行為之剖析(頁53-80)。嘉義:南華大學教育社會學研究所。new window
張楓明(2006)。親子、師生及同儕關係對國中生初次偏差行為影響之動態分析研究。國立臺南大學教育經營與管理研究所博士論文,未出版,臺南。new window
張楓明、譚子文(2011)。個人信念、負向生活事件、偏差同儕與青少年初次偏差行為關聯性之實證研究。青少年犯罪防治研究期刊,3(1),133-160。new window
張鳳琴(2011)。青少年藥物濫用預防教育指標建構及介入研究:以國中階段青少年為焦點。(行政院衛生署科技研究報告,計畫編號:DOH100-FDA-61204)
衛福部(2014)。台灣地區學生藥物濫用各學制統計表。2014年6月13日,取自http://www.fda.gov.tw/upload/133/2014031216445430070.pdf
莊耀嘉(1996)。犯罪的心理成因:自我控制或社會控制。國家科學委員會研究彙刊:人文及社會科學,6(2),235-257。
莊耀嘉(2000)。兒童衝動性格與偏差行為之發展:一項貫時性研究。(國科會研究報告,計畫編號:NSC 87-2418-H-153-001-Q12)
莊耀嘉(2001)。衝動性格與兒童犯行之發展。(國科會專題研究計畫,計畫編號:NSC90-2418-H-153-019)
許春金(2007)。犯罪學(修訂第五版)。臺北:三民。
許春金、馬傳鎮(1997)。少年偏差行為早年預測之研究-第一年研究報告。臺北:行政院青年輔導委員會。
許春金、陳玉書、蔡田木(2013)。毒品施用者處遇及除罪化可行性之研究。(行政院研考會委託研究報告,計畫編號:RDEC-RES-101-019)
郭芳君、譚子文、董旭英(2011)。內在性自我控制、復原力對不同類型青少. 年偏差行為之交互作用效應。教育與社會研究,22,1-37。new window
郭珮婷(2005)。復原力理論的介紹與應用。諮商與輔導,231(1),45-50。
郭憲文、李玫姿(2004)。臺灣地區在學國中、高中生藥物濫用之調查。(行政院衛生署科技研究報告,計畫編號:DOH93-NNB-1009)。
陳正宗(1998)。藥物濫用防治對策。載於刑事政策與犯罪研究論文集(一)(頁261-278),臺北:法務部。
陳吉雄(2003)。國民中學初任教師工作困擾及其因應方式之研究。國立中正大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義。
陳佩鈺、林幸足(2004)。高危險群青少年復原力之探討,輔導季刊,40(3),32-41。new window
陳金彌、陳月枝(2007)。青少年復原力之概念分析,腫瘤護理雜誌,7(1),31-41。
陳為堅(2002)。街頭青少年的藥物濫用調查。(行政院衛生署研究成果報告,計畫編號:NOH91-NNB-1001)
陳為堅(2006)。全國青少年非法藥物使用調查(第三年)。(行政院衛生署研究成果報告,計畫編號:DOH95-NNB-1012)
陳淑貞、翁毓秀(2006)。非行少年依附、解釋風格與自我概念之相關研究。輔導與諮商學報,28(1),29-50。new window
陳喬琪(1995)。海洛英成癮者之精神病理學研究(第一年):自動求治者之共發性精神疾病與人格違常疾患。(行政院衛生署委託報告,計畫編號:DOH 84-TD-79)
陳喬琪(1996)。海洛英成癮者之精神病理學研究(第二年):在獄者之共發性精神疾病與人格違常疾患。(行政院衛生署委託報告,計畫編號:DOH 85-TD-108)
陳景圓、董旭英(2006)。家庭、學校及同儕因素與國中聽覺障礙學生偏差行為之關聯性研究。特殊教育研究學刊,30,181-201。new window
陳靜(2003)。青少年偏差行為輔導面面觀。教育趨勢報導,4,132-137。
曾含玲(2010)。高中職生休閒參與、復原力與網路成癮之相關性研究。私立南華大學旅遊事業管理學系碩士論文,未出版,嘉義。
曾淑萍(2010)。親子依附、監督與青少年非行間雙向關係之探究。青少年犯罪防治研究期刊,2(1),1-40。
黃芳玟、林品妤(2009)。同儕效果對於青少年抽菸、喝酒或吸食藥物的影響。論文發表於中央研究院主辦之臺灣青少年成長歷程研究第五次學術研討會,臺北。
黃俊傑、王淑女(2001)。家庭、自我概念與青少年偏差行為。應用心理學研究,11,45-68。
黃春美(2010)。毒品施用者再犯危險因子分析及預測。犯罪學期刊,13(1),27-80。new window
黃富源(2009)。司法與犯罪心理學。臺北大學犯罪學研究所犯罪心理學上課講義。
黃富源、周文勇、鄧煌發(2000)。少年暴力犯罪相關因素之研究-家庭結構、動力與社會學習觀點以論。臺北: 行政院青年輔導委員會。new window
黃慧娟、范兆興(2007)。青少年藥物濫用之矯治策略。警專學報,4(2),47-67。new window
楊士隆、曾淑萍、李宗憲、譚子文(2010)。藥物濫用者人格特質之研究。載於2010年藥物濫用與犯罪防治國際研討會論文集(頁11-43)。嘉義:國立中正大學。new window
董旭英(2003)。一般化緊張理論的實證性檢驗。犯罪學期刊,6(1),103-128。new window
董旭英(2009)。生活壓迫事件、社會支持、社會心理特質與臺灣都會區國中生偏差行為之關係。青少年犯罪防治研究期刊,1 (1),129-164。new window
董旭英、王文玲(2007)。國高中生依附父母、接觸偏差同儕、傳統價值觀念與偏差行為的關聯性之差異性研究。犯罪學期刊,10(2),29-48。
董旭英、張楓明、李威辰(2003)。青少年犯罪與偏差行為理論。載於齊力、董旭英(主編),臺灣青少年偏差行為之剖析(頁31-52)。嘉義:南華大學教育社會學研究所。new window
董旭英、程炳林(2003)。親子關係和接觸偏差同儕與國中生及高中生偏差行為的關聯性發展模式之差異性研究。論文發表於國立中正大學主辦之2003年青少年問題研討會,嘉義。
詹志禹(1996)。我國青少年犯罪研究之整合分析。行政院青年輔導委員會委託報告。
詹宜華、張楓明、董旭英(2012)。國中生接觸偏差同儕在其衝動性格、知覺父母監督與偏差行為間關聯性之中介效果。犯罪與刑事司法研究,18,89-123。new window
詹雨臻、葉玉珠、 彭月茵、葉碧玲(2009)。「青少年復原力量表」之發展。測驗學刊,56(4),491-518。new window
廖定烈(2008)。高度成癮物質依賴個案之衝動心理特質及OPRM1 基因危險因子評估。(國科會專題研究計畫,計畫編號:NSC 96-2314-B-400-009)
榮泰生(2007)。AMOS與研究方法。臺北:五南。
蒲正筠(2008)。同儕效應與青少年菸酒行為及其對學業成績之關聯研究。國立陽明大學公共衛生研究所博士論文,未出版,臺北市。
劉潔心、鄭其嘉、陳嘉玲、林姿伶、洪惠靖(2006)。家長預防子女藥物濫用親職教育工作坊介入成效評價研究。衛生教育學報,26,105-124。new window
蔡文輝(2001)。社會學。臺北:三民。
蔡偉德、劉育昇(2007)。青少年藥物濫用行為對性活動的影響。經濟論文叢刊,35(4),379-413。new window
蔡德輝、楊士隆(2006)。犯罪學(修訂版)。臺北:五南。new window
蔡德輝、楊士隆(2004)。犯罪學。臺北:五南。new window
衛生署(2003)。藥物濫用防制宣導教材。臺北:衛生署。
衛生署(2004)。藥物濫用防制宣導教材。臺北:衛生署。
鄭添成(2008)。大腦結構、執行控制功能與暴力犯罪行為關聯性之研究。國立中正大學犯罪防治學系博士論文,未出版,嘉義。new window
鄭瑞隆(2004)。家庭暴力社工員專業服務困境與改進措施之研究。犯罪學期刊,7(2),129-164.new window
鄭瑞隆(2006)。少年性侵犯行之成因、評估與矯正處遇。亞洲家庭暴力與性侵害期刊,2(1),65- 92。new window
鄧煌發(2000)。輟學少年之家庭與社會學習因素的比較分析。犯罪學期刊,5,23-276。new window
鄧煌發(2007)。完形犯罪預防理論架構之探討與評析—引介Agnew一般化犯罪暨非行理論。載於2007 年犯罪防治學術研討會論文集(頁319-372)。桃園:中央警察大學犯罪防治研究所。
賴璟賢(2002)。臺灣北部地區青少年藥物使用流行病學調查─針對在校學生之調查。(行政院衛生署管制藥品管理局九十一年度研究計畫,計畫編號:DOH91-NNB-2001)
龍紀萱(2006)。藥物濫用者藥物認知歷程與成癮行為發展模式之質性研究。(行政院衛生署委託報告,計畫編號:DOH95-TD-M-l13-044)
簡俊生、朱日僑、張家榮、徐睿(2008)。藥物濫用監測及其挑戰。論文發表於國立中正大學主辦之「2008毒品與防治研討會」,嘉義。new window
羅文君、顏正芳、張永源、張明永(2003)。高中學生對反毒宣導成效之自我評量。醫學教育,7(4),382-392。new window
羅國英(2000)。母親教養期望與親職壓力及青少年親子關係知覺的關聯-兼談學業成就於其中的角色。東吳社會工作學報,6,35-72。new window
譚子文、張楓明(2012)。緊張因素、接觸偏差同儕及低自我控制與青少年偏差行為關聯性之研究。臺中教育大學學報:數理科技類,26(1),27-50。new window
嚴正芳(2003)。青少年使用安非他命研究:濫用與復發預測相關因子之調查,高雄醫學大學醫學研究所博士論文,未出版,高雄。
嚴健彰(2003)。出獄人復歸社會更生歷程之研究—從復原力的觀點探討之。國立中正大學犯罪防治研究所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義。

二、 英文部份

Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology, 30(1), 47-87.
Agnew, R. (2001). Building on the foundation of general strain theory: Specifying the types of strain most likely to lead to crime and delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38, 319-361.
Agnew, R. (2005). Why do criminals offend? A general theory of crime and delinquency. Los Angeles: Roxbury.
Ahern, N. R., Kiehl, E. M., Sole, M. L., &; Byers, J. (2006). A review of instruments measuring resilience. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 29(2), 103-125.
Alexander, C., Piazza, M. Mekos, D., &; Valente, T. W. (2001). Peers, schools, and adolescent cigarette smoking: An analysis of the national longitudinal study of adolescent health. Journal of Adolescent Health, 29, 22-30.
Ambert, A. M. (1997). Parents, children, and adolescents: Interactive relationships and development in context. New York:Haworth Press.
Angenent, H., &; de Man, A. (1996). Background factors of juvenile delinquency. New York: Peter Lang publishing, Inc.
Armsden, G.C., &; Greenberg, M.T. (1989). The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment. Preliminary test manual. Seattle: University of Washington, Department of Community Health Care Systems.new window
Baker, T. B., Brandon, T. H., &; Chassin, L. (2004).Motivational influences on cigarette smoking. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 463-491.
Baldry, A. C., &; Farrington, D. P. (2000). Bullies and delinquents: Personal characteristics and parental styles. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 10, 17-31.
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. New York: General Learning Press.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Barrat, E.S., Stanford, M. S., Kent, T.A., &; Felthous, A. (1997). Neuropsychological and cognitive psychophysiological substres of impulsive aggression. Biological Psychiatry, 41, 1045-1061.
Barratt, E. S. (1994). Impulsiveness and aggression. In J. Monahan &; H. J. Steadman (Eds.), Violence and mental disorder (pp. 61-79). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Benard, B. (2004). Resiliency: What We Have Learned. San Francisco, CA: West Ed.
Benson, M.L. (2002). Crime and the life course: an introduction. Los Angeles, California: Roxbury Publishing Company.
Berlin, H.A., Rolls, E.T., &; Kischka, C. (2004). Impulsivity, time perception, emotion, and reinforcement sensitivity in patients with orbitofrontal cortex lesions. Brain, 127, 1108-1126.
Billieux, J., Van der Linden, M., &; Ceschi, G. (2007).Which dimensions of impulsivity are related to cigarette craving? Addictive Behaviors, 32(6), 1189-1199.
Blankemeyer, M., Flannery, D., &; Vazsonyi, A. (2002). The role of aggression and social competence in children's perceptions of the child-teacher relationship. Psychology in the Schools, 39(3), 293-304.
Block, J. (1971). On further conjectures regarding acquiescence. Psychological Bulletin, 76 (3), 205-210.
Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. New York:Basic Books.
Brendgen, M., Vitaro, F., Tremblay, R. E., &; Wanner, B. (2002). Parent and peer effects on delinquency-related violence and dating violence: A test of two mediational models. Social Development, 11(2), 225-244.new window
Brooks, R., &; Goldstein, S. (2004). The power of resilience: Achieving balance, confidence, and personal strength in your life. Retrieved Nov. 21, 2012, from http://www.apahelpcenter.org/featuredtopics/feature.php?id=6
Bukowski, W. M., Brendgen, M., &; Vitaro, F. (2007). Peers and socialization: Effects on externalizing and internalizing problems. In J. E. Grusec &; P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (pp.355-381). New York: Guilford Press.
Buss, A. H., &; Durkee, A. (1977). An inventory for assessing different kinds of hostility. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21(4), 343-349.
Buss, D. M. (1995). Evolutionary psychology: A new paradigm for psychological science. Psychological Inquiry, 6, 1-30.
Cahill, H. W. (2007), Challenges in adopting evidence-based school drug education programmes. Drug and Alcohol Review, 26, 673-679.
Cheung, C.K., Lee, T.Y., &; Lee, C.M. (2003). Factors in successful relapse prevention among Hong Kong drug addicts. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 37(3), 179-199.
Christle, C. A., Jolivette, K., &; Nelson, C. M. (2000). Youth aggression and violence: Risk, resilience and prevention. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. 449632).
Clark, R., &; Glenn S. (1997). Family communication and delinquency. Adolescence, 32, 81-92.
Clinard, M. B., &; Meier, R. F. (1992).Sociology of deviant behavior (6th Ed.). Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38(5), 300-314.
Colvin, M., Cullen, F. T., &; Vander Ven, T. (2002). Coercion, Social Support, and Crime: An Emerging Theoretical Consensus. Criminology, 40(1), 19-42.
Connor, K. M., &; Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18, 76-82.
Conway, K. P., Swendsen, J. D., Rounsaville, B. J., &; Merikangas, K. R. (2002). Personality, drug of choice, and comorbid psychopathology among substance abusers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 65(3), 225-234.
Costa, P. T., Terracciano, A., &; McCrae, R. R. (2001). Gender differences in Personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 322-331.
Curran, P. J., &; Chassin, L. (1996). A longitudinal study of parenting as a protective factor for children of alcoholics. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 57(3), 305-313.
Dervaux, A., Baylé, F. J., Laqueille, X., Bourdel, M.C., Le Borgne, M.H., Olié, J.P., &; Krebs, M. O. (2001). Is Substance abuse in schizophrenia related to impulsivity, sensation seeking, or anhedonia? American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 492-494.
Doll, W. J., Xia, W., &; Torkzadeh, G. (1994). A confirmatory factor analysis of the end-user computing satisfaction instrument. MIS Quarterly, 18(4), 453-461.
Drug Facts: High school and youth trends. (n. d.) Retrieved April 25, 2014, from National Institute of Drug Abuse Web site: http://www.drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/drugfactsmtf.pdf
Elliott, D. S., &; Menard, S. (1996). Delinquent friends and delinquent behavior: Temporal and developmental patterns. In J. D. Hawkins (Ed.), Delinquency and crime: Current theories (pp. 28-67). New York: Cambridge criminology series.
Epstein, S., &; Brodsky, A. (1993). You’re smarter than you think: How to develop your practical intelligence for success in living. New York: Simon-Schuster.
Erickson, K.G., Crosnoe, R., &; Dornbusch, S. M. (2000). A social process model of adolescent deviance: Combining social control and differential association perspectives. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29, 395-425.
Erikson, E.H. (1968). Identity: Youth and Crisis. New York: Norton.
Eysenck, H.J., &; Eysenck, S.B.G. (1985). Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. San Diego, CA:Educational and Industrial Testing Service.
Fergus, S., &; Zimmerman, M. A. (2005). Adolescent resilience: A framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk. Annual Review of Public Health, 26(1), 399-419.
Ferguson, C. J., Averill, P. M., Rhoades, H., Rocha, D., Gruber, N., &; Gummattira, P. (2005).Social isolation, impulsivity and depression as predictors of aggression in a psychiatric inpatient population. Psychiatric Quarterly, 76(2), 123-137.
Findlay, L. C., Girardi, A., &; Coplan, R. J. (2006). Links between empathy, social behavior, and social understanding in early childhood. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 21, 347-359.
Fornell, C. R., &; Larcker, F. F. (1981).Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39-51.
Franken, I. H. A., Hendriks, V. M., &; van den Brink, W. (2002). Initial validation of two opiate craving questionnaires: The Obsessive Compulsive Drug Use Scale and the Desires for Drug Questionnaire. Addictive Behaviors, 27, 675-685.
Fraser, M. W., &; Galinsky, M. J. (2004).Risk and resilience in childhood: An ecological perspective. Washington, DC : NASW press.
Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J. H., Martinussen, M., Aslaksen, P. M., &; Flaten, M. A. (2006). Resilience as a modulator for pain and stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 61, 213-219.
Galvan, A., Hare, T., Voss, H., Glover, G., &; Casey, B. J. (2007). Risk-taking and the adolescent brain: who is at risk? Developmental Science, 10(2), F8-F14.
Gay, L. R., &; Diehl, P. L. (1992). Research Methods for Business and Management. New York: Macmillan.
Gerald, M. S., &; Higley, J.D. (2002). Evolutionary underpinnings of excessive alcohol consumption. Addiction, 97(4), 415-425.
Gilman, J. M., Kuster, J. K., Lee ,S., Lee, M. J., Kim, B. W, Makris, N., van der Kouwe, A., Blood, A. J., &; Breiter, H. C. (2014). Cannabis use is quantitatively associated with nucleus accumbens and amygdala abnormalities in young adult recreational users. The Journal of Neuroscience, 34(16), 5529-5538.
Giordano, P. C. (2003). Relationships in adolescence. Annual Review of Sociology, 29, 257-281.
Gonzales, J. (2003). Cesar Chavez: A case study of a resilient child's adaptation into adulthood. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No, ED478347).
Gordon, K. A. (1995). Self-concept and motivational patterns of resilient African American high school students. Journal of Black Psychology, 21, 239-255.
Gottfredson, M. R., &; Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Grotberg, E. (1999). Countering depression with the five building blocks of resiliency. Reaching Today's Youth, 4(1), 66-72.
Haase, J. E. (2004a). Resilience. In Peterson, S. J., &; Bredow, T. S. (Eds.), Middle range theories: Application to nursing research (pp. 341-367). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams &; Wilkins.
Hackenberg-Culotta, S.L. (2002). Empathy development and its relationship with aggression and delinquent behavior in adolescents. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences &; Engineering, 63, 1551.
Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., Frombach, I. K., &; Asmundson, G. J. G. (1999). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic investigations of the Illness Attitudes Scale in a nonclinical sample. Behavior Research and Therapy, 37, 6781-6784.
Hair, J. F., Jr., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., &; Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis with readings (5th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hartz, D. T., Frederick-Osborne, &; Galloway, G. P. (2001). Craving predicts use during treatment for methamphetamine dependence: A prospective, repeated-measures, within-subject analysis. Drug and alcohol dependence, 63, 269-276.
Hawkins, J.D., Catalano, R.F., &; Miller, J.Y. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological bulletin, 112, 64-115.
Henry, J. W., &; Stone, W. (1994). A structural equation model of end-user satisfaction with a computer-based medical information system. Information resources management journal, 7(3), 21-33.
Higgins, G. E., &; Boyd, R. J. (2008). Low self-control and deviance: Examining the moderation of social support from parents. Deviant Behavior, 29, 388-410.
Hirschi, T., &; Gottfredson, M. R. (1993). Commentary: Testing the general theory of crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30, 47-54.
Hu, L. T., &; Bentler, P. (1995). Evaluating model fit. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural Equation Modeling. Concepts, Issues, and Applications (pp.76-99). London: Sage.
Hudson, B., &; Bramhall, G. (2005). Assessing the 'Other':Constructions of 'Asianness' in risk assessments by probation officers. British Journal of Criminology, 45(5), 721-740.
Ireland, J. L., &; Archer, J. (2008). Impulsivity among adult prisoners: A confirmatory factor analysis study of the Barratt Impulsivity Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 286-292.
Jew, C. L., Green, K. E., &; Kroger, J. (1999). Development and validation of a measure of resiliency. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 32(2), 75-89.
Jolliffe, D., &; Farrington, D. P. (2006). Examining the role between low empathy and Bullying. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 540-550.
Jöreskog, K. G., &; Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Chicago: Scientific Software International.
Kandel, D. B., &; Davies, M. (1996). High-school students who use crack and other drugs. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 71-9.
Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D., &; Bolger, N. (1998). Data analysis in social psychology. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, and G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (4th ed., pp. 233-265). New York: McGraw-Hill.
King, K., Wagner, D., &; Hedrick, B. (2001). Safe and drug free school coordinators' perceived needs in preventing drug use and violence among youth. Journal of School Health, 71(6), 236-241.
Klepp, K. I., Halper, A., &; Perry, C. L. (1986). The efficacy of peer leaders in drug abuse prevention. Journal of School Health, 56, 407-411.
Knight, D.K., Wallace, G.L., Joe, G.W., &; Logan, S.M. (2001). Change in psychosocial functioning and social relations among women in residential substance abuse treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse, 13(4), 533-547.
Kreager, D. A. (2004). Strangers in the halls: Isolation and delinquency in school networks. Social Forces, 83, 351-390.
Leshem, R., &; Glicksohn, J. (2007). The construct of impulsivity revisited. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 681-691.
Lewis, M., Scott, J., &; Frangou, S. (2009). Impulsivity, personality and bipolar disorder. European Psychiatry, 24(7), 464-469.
Liska, A. E. (1981). Perspectives on deviance. Prentice-Hall.
Littlefield, A. K., Sher, K.J., &; Steinley, D. (2010). Developmental trajectories of impulsivity and their association with alcohol use and related outcomes during emerging and young adulthood I. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 34(8), 1-8.
Lovett, B. J., &; Sheffield, R.A. (2007). Affective empathy deficits in aggressive children and adolescents: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 1-13.
Luthar, S. S., &; Cicchetti, D. (2000). The construct of resilience: Implications for intervention and social policy. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 857-885.
Luthar, S.S., Cicchetti, D., &; Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71, 3, 543-562.
MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., &; Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1, 130-149.
Maccoby, E. E., &; Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen (Ed.). &; E. M. Hetherington (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology” Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (4th ed., pp. 1-101). New York: John Wiley &; Sons.
Mann, L. S., Wise, T. N., Trinidad, A., &; Kohanski, R. (1994). Alexithymia, affect recognition, and the Five-Factor Model of personality in normal subjects. Psychological Reports, 74, 563-567.
Marlatt, G. A., &; Gordon, J. R. (1985). Relapse prevention: Maintenance strategies in the treatment of addictive behaviors. New York: Guilford.
Miller, M. (2002). Resilience elements in students with learning disabilities. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 291-298.
Moeller, G., Dougherty, D.M., Barratt, E.S., Oderinde, V., Mathias, C.W., Harper, R.A., &; Swann, A.C.A. (2002).Increased impulsivity in cocaine dependent subjects independent of antisocial personality disorder and aggression. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 68, 105-111.
Moffitt, T. E., Lynam, D. R., &; Silva, P. A. (1994).Neuropsychological tests predicting persistent male delinquency. Criminology, 32, 277-300.
Neill, J. T., &; Dias, K. L.(2001).Adventure education and resilience: The double-edged sword. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 1(2), 35-42.
Olsson, C. A., Bond, L. Burns, J. M., Vella-Brodrick, D. A., &; Sawyer, S. M. (2003). Adolescent resilience: A concept analysis. Journal of Adolescence, 26(1), 1-11.
Patterson, G. R., Reid, J., &; Dishion, T. (1992). Antisocial boys. Eugene, OR: Castalia.
Patton, J. H., Stanford, M. S., &; Barratt, E. S. (1995). Factor structure of the Barratt Impulsivity Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51, 768-774.
Pechmann, C., Levine, L., Loughlin, S., &; Leslie, F. (2005). Impulsive and self-conscious: Adolescents' vulnerability to advertising and promotion. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 24(2), 202-221.
Pulakos, E. D. (1991). Rater training for performance appraisal. In J.W. Jones, B.D. Steffy, &; D.W. Bray (Eds.), Applying Psychology in Business: The handbook for managers and human resource professionals (pp.326-332). Lexington, Mass.: Lexington.
Rak, C. F., &; Patterson, L. E. (1996). Promoting resilience in at-rick children. Journal of Counseling &; Development, 74, 368-373.
Robert, A. (2003).The family: what impact does family have on delinquency?In Robert (Ed), Juvenile Delinquency(pp.242-243).Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury
Sager, J. K., &; Johnston, M. W. (1989). Antecedents and outcomes of organizational commitment: A study of salespeople. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 9, 30-41.
Sampson, R. J., &; Laub, J. H. (1993). Crime in the making: Pathways and turning points through life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Sarafino, E.P. (2008). Health psychology: Biopsychosocial interactions (6th Ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
Schutte, N. S., &; Malouff, J. M. (1995). Sourcebook of adult assessment strategies. New York: Plenum Press.
Shrout, P. E. &; Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7(4), 422-445.
Siegel, D. J. (Speaker). (2008). The neurobiology of “we”: How relationships, the mind, and the brain interact to shape who we are [CD]. Boulder, CO:Sounds True.
Simons, R. L., Lin, K. H., Gordon, L. C., Brody, G. H., Murry, V. M., &; Conger, R. D. (2002). Community differences in the association between parenting practices and child conduct problems. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 331-345.
Sims, A. (1995). Symptoms in the mind. London: W.B. Saunders.
Slutske, W. S., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., &; Poulton, R. (2005). Personality and problem gambling: A prospective study of a birth cohort of young adults. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(7), 769-775.
Stavrinides, P., Georgiou, St., &; Theofanous, V. (2010). Bullying and empathy: a short-term longitudinal investigation. Educational Psychology, 30, 7, 793-802.
Steinberg, L. (2008). A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking. Developmental Review, 28, 78-106.
Steinberg, L., Albert, D., Cauffman, E., Banich, M., Graham, S., &; Woolard, J. (2009). Age differences in sensation seeking and impulsivity as indexed by behavior and self-report: Evidence for a dual systems model. Developmental Psychology, 44, 1764-1777.
Stephens, R. C. (1991). The street addict role: A theory of heroin addiction. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Stoltenberg, S. F., Batien, B. D., &; Birgenheir, D. G. (2008). Does gender moderate associations among impulsivity and health-risk behaviors? Addictive Behaviors, 33(2), 252-265.
Sussman &; Ames (2008) Drug abuse: concepts, prevention, and cessation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Sutherland, E. (1947). Principles of criminology (4th Ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.
Tai, S. F., Ohbuchi, K., &; Huang, F. Y. (2006). Taiwan citizens’ causal perception toward juvenile delinquency. Journal of Criminology, 9(2), 1-30.
Taylor, J. (2005). Substance use disorders and cluster B personality disorder: Physiological, cognitive, and environmental correlates in a college sample. American Journal Alcohol Abuse, 31(3), 515-535.
Terracciano, A. Löckenhoff, C. E., Crum, R. M., Bienvenu, O. J., Costa , P. T., &; Jr. (2008). Five-factor model personality profiles of drug users. BMC Psychiatry, 8(1), 22-31.
Thornberry, T. P., Krohn, M. D., Lizotte, A. J., Smith, C. A., &; Tobin, K. (2003). Gangs and delinquency in developmental perspective. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Trull, T. J., &; Sher, K. J. (1994). Relationship between the Five-Factor Model of personality and Axis I disorders in a nonclinical sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 350-360.
Tsai, T. H., &; Yang, S. L. (1994). Drug abuse problems among adolescents: Findings from research. Paper presented at the Sixth Asian-Pacific Symposium on Juvenile Delinquency, Taipei: Taiwan.
Tyson, G.A., &; Hubert, C.J. (2000). Australian adolescents' explanations of juvenile delinquency. Australian Journal of Psychology, 52, 119-124.
Vangsness, L., Bry, B. H., &; LaBouvie, E. W. (2005). Impulsivity, negative expectancies, and marijuana use: A test of the acquired preparedness model. Addict Behavior, 30, 1071-1076.new window
Verheul, R. (2001). Co-morbidity of personality disorders in individuals with substance use disorders. European Psychiatry, 16, 274-282.
Véronneau, M. H., Trempe, S. C., &; Oliveira Paiva, A. (2014). Risk and protective factors emerging from the peer context: How do other kids contribute to adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment? Ciência &; Saúde Coletiva, 19(3), 695-705.
Volkow, N. D., Chang, L., Wang, G. J., Fowler, J. S., Leonido-Yee, M., Franceschi, D., Sedler, M., Gatley, S. J., Hitzemann, R., Ding, Y. S., Logan, J., Wong, C., Miller, E. N. (2001). Dopamine transporter losses in methamphetamine abusers are associated with psychomotor impairment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 377-382.
Waldeck, T. L., &; Miller, L. S. (1997). Gender and impulsivity differences in licit substance use. Journal of Substance Abuse, 9, 269-275.
Walsh, F. (2002). A Family Resilience Framework: Innovative Practice Applications. Family Relations, 51, 130-137.
Walters, G. D., &; White, T.W. (1989). The thinking criminal: A cognitive model of life style criminality. Criminal Justice Research Bulletin, 4, 1-10.
Walters, G. D. (1990). The criminal life style: Patterns of serious criminal conduct. CA: Sage Publications.
Wanberg, K. W., &; Milkman, H. B. (1998).Criminal conduct and substance abuse treatment: Strategies for self-improvement and change: The provider's guide. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage Publications.
Warr, P. B. (2002). Psychology at Work (5th Ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Weissenstein, A., Straeter, A., Villalon, G., Luchter, E., &; Bittmann, S. (2011). Parent satisfaction with a pediatric practice in Germany: a questionnaire-based study. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 37, 2-14.
Wells, L.E., &; Rankin, J.H. (1991). Families and Delinquency: A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Broken Homes. Social Problems, 38(1), 71-93.
Werner, E. E. (1992). The children of Kauai: Resiliency and recovery in adolescence adulthood. Journal of Adolescent Health, 13(4), 262-268.
Werner, E.E., &; R. S. Smith (1982). Vulnerable but not invincible: A longitudinal study of resilient children and youth. N.Y.: McGraw Hill.
Werner, E.E., &; R. S. Smith (1992). Overcoming the odds: High risk children from birth to adulthood. N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
Werner, E.E., &; R. S. Smith (2001). Journeys from childhood to midlife: Risk, resilience, and recovery. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
White, H. R., Bates, M. E., &; Byske, S. (2001). Adolescence-limited versus persistent delinquency: extending Moffitt’s hypothesis into adulthood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110(4), 600-609.
Whiteside, S.P., &; Lynam, D.R. (2001).The Five Factor Model and impulsivity: using a structural model of personality to understand impulsivity. Personality and Individual Difference, 30, 669-689.
Wilson, R., &; Kolander, C. (1997). Drug abuse prevention: A school and community partnership. NY:Addison Wesley Longman.
World Health Organization (2001). Risk and protective factors affecting adolescent reproductive health in developing countries. Retrieved July 22, 2012, from ttp://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43341/1/9241593652_eng.pdf
Wright, J. P., Cullen, F. T., &; Miller, J. T. (2001). The family social capital and delinquent involvement. Journal of Criminal Justice, 29, 1-9.
Wu, J. H., &; Wang, Y. M. (2006). Measuring KMS success: A respecification of the DeLone and McLean’s model. Information &; Management, 43(6), 728-739.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
QR Code
QRCODE