:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:高齡者運動健康信念、運動參與動機、運動承諾與活躍老化行為關係之研究
作者:洪榮昌
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:成人教育研究所
指導教授:余嬪
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2014
主題關鍵詞:高齡者運動健康信念運動參與動機運動承諾活躍老化行為elderlyexercise health beliefexercise participation motivationexercise commitmentactive aging behavior
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:4
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:177
高齡者運動健康信念、運動參與動機、運動承諾與活躍老化行為關係之研究
中文摘要
本研究主要探討高齡者在運動健康信念、運動參與動機、運動承諾和活躍老化行為具備之現況,並比較不同背景變項之高齡者在本研究變項的差異,同時也調查運動健康信念、運動參與動機、運動承諾與活躍老化行為之間的相關性,另外也從運動健康信念、運動參與動機、運動承諾來進行對活躍老化行為的預測。本研究利用改編之高齡者運動健康信念量表(包含知覺運動障礙、知覺運動利益、行動線索、知覺疾病威脅和尋求運動支持等分量表)、運動參與動機量表(包含體適能健康管理、外表體重控制、壓力情緒管理和社會人際關係等分量表)、運動承諾量表(包含運動樂趣、涉入替代、個人投資、涉入機會和社會支持等分量表)與活躍老化行為量表(包含身心健康促進、獨立自主、社會參與和社會安全資源運用等分量表)調查高雄地區458位長者,蒐集後的資料則以 SPSS for Windows V.20 進行單因子變異數分析 (ANOVA)、積差相關、多元逐步迴歸等統計方法進行分析。本研究主要發現如下:
壹、可由長者在運動促進健康信念、運動參與的動機、運動持續投入承諾及活躍老化行為各層面的得分高低顯示出其進行運動促進健康的概念、參與運動的目標、持續投入的決心以及具備活躍老化行為程度的情形。知覺運動利益是長者最主要之運動促進健康的信念;體適能健康管理則是長者參與運動最主要的動機;另外,運動樂趣則是長者持續運動承諾最主要的因素,獨立自主則是長者活躍老化行為最主要具備的行為。
貳、每週運動次數不同、與不同對象一起運動以及不同的健康情形等背景變項是影響長者的運動健康信念、運動參與動機、運動承諾與活躍老化行為差異的重要因子。具備運動行為(包括每週運動次數不同以及與不同對象一起)和健康狀況良好的長者在運動促進健康信念、運動參與動機、運動持續投入承諾與增進活躍老化行為等變項得分顯著高於幾乎沒有從事運動及健康狀況很不好的長者。
參、長者的運動健康信念、運動參與動機、運動承諾與活躍老化行為變項之間彼此多為正相關,但其中知覺運動障礙、涉入替代與其他層面變項則分別為負相關,顯示知覺運動障礙與涉入替代會對長者運動促進健康的信念、運動參與的動機、運動持續投入的承諾與活躍老化行為產生反向發展影響。
肆、長者持續加強運動承諾的投入有助於對於整體活躍老化行為的培養與增進;而運動樂趣最能提昇長者身心健康促進、獨立自主、社會參與、社會安全資源運用等行為以及活躍老化行為整體的能力。
關鍵詞:高齡者、運動健康信念、運動參與動機、運動承諾、活躍老化行為
A Study of Relationships between the Elderly’s Exercise Health Belief, Exercise Participation Motivation, Exercise Commitment and Active Aging Behavior
Abstract
The main research purposes of this study were to analyze the status quo of four exercise participation factors which included exercise health belief, exercise participation motivation, exercise commitment and active aging behavior of the elderly. Moreover, the study compared the differences and investigated the correlation among these exercise participation factors based on exercise participated background. In addition, the study examined the extent of individual’s active aging by these factors.
The data were collected by using adapted questionnaire in exercise health belief(including perceived barriers to exercise, perceived expected benefits of exercise, cues to action, perceived susceptibility to serious health problems, seeking the support of exercise), exercise participation motivation(including fitness and health management, appearance and weight control, emotion and stress management, social recognition), exercise commitment(including exercise enjoyment, involvement alternatives, personal investments, involvement opportunities, social support) and active aging behavior (including the promotion to physical and mental, independence, social participation, the utilization of resources of social security). The participants were 458 elders who are over 55 years old from Kaohsiung city. The statistical analysis methods applied in this study were one-way ANOVA, product-moment correlation, and stepwise multiple regression.
There are three findings in this study:
1.The scores of the exercise health beliefs, exercise participation motivations, exercise commitments reflect the elder’s exercise concept in health promotion, participation goals, persistence of the exercise and the degree of active aging behaviors. The perception of exercise benefits is the most important factor in the exercise health beliefs. Further, physical fitness and health management is the main motivation for the elderly in exercise participation. Moreover, exercise enjoyment is the most important factor of the exercise commitments, life independence is the main behavior in the active aging behaviors.
2.The frequency of the exercise per week, accompany with different people, and different health levels are the background variables impact on the exercise health beliefs, participation motivations, exercise commitments and active aging behaviors. Exercise health belief, exercise participation motivation, exercise commitment and active aging behavior, the elderly having exercise behaviors and are in good health level presents significantly higher scores compared to the people who are in poor health level and inactive.
3.There are positive correlation among exercise health belief, exercise participation motivation, exercise commitment and active aging behavior. However, the perception of movement disorders, involvement alternatives and other levels are negatively correlated. It indicates perception disorders and involvement alternatives produce the reverse impact on exercise health belief, exercise participation motivation, exercise commitment and active aging behavior.
4. Enhance the exercise commitment continuously is essential for elderly to foster active aging behavior; exercise enjoyment promotes physical and mental health, life independence, social participation, and active aging behavior.
參考文獻
一、中文部份

內政部(2011)。內政部公佈「98年老人狀況調查」。2011年10月11日,取自http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/news_content.aspx?sn=5060
內政部(2013)。內政統計月報。2013年11月6日,取自http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/month/list.htm
方進隆(1995)。體適能與全人健康。中華體育季刊,9(3),62-69。new window
方進隆、蔡秀華、林晉利、黃谷臣、謝錦城、卓俊辰、卓俊伶、劉影梅、黃永任、巫錦霖(2007)。健康體適能理論與實務。臺中市:華格那企業。
方進隆(2010)。身體活動的心理與社會層面。2011年10月15日,取自http://ichpersd.asia/files/infos/60/609320100412.ppt
方進隆(2011)。2011美國運動醫學會運動處方。2011年10月16日,取自http://ichpersd.asia/files/infos/93/9314120111010.ppt
方進隆(2011)。運動使女性更健康更快樂。2011年10月17日,取自http://ichpersd.asia/files/infos/79/7911520110309.ppt
方進隆(2011)。銀髮族的運動保健。2011年10月17日,取自http://ichpersd.asia/files/infos/88/8813820110514.ppt
石泱(2010)。成功老化、活躍老化與生產老化對我國老人福利政策的省思。社區發展季刊,132,234-251。new window
朱昌平(2011)。國小退休教師休閒運動參與動機與阻礙因素之研究。國立體育學院體育研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園縣。
行政院衛生署國民健康局(2008)。2020健康國民白皮書。2013年7月13日,取自http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/jw!GGCeqLKZFRn9eV0bqCvZwf.cbw--/article?mid=113

行政院衛生署國民健康局(2009)。老人健康促進計畫(2009-2012)。2013年9月2日,取自http://www.bhp.doh.gov.tw/BHPnet/Portal/Them.aspx?No=200802210001
行政院衛生署國民健康局(2010)。健康老化-銀髮族保健手冊。2013年7月13日,取自http://health99.doh.gov.tw/media/public/pdf/21671.pdf
行政院衛生署國民健康局(2010)。持續運動,遠離病痛:老年健康不是夢。2011年10月10日,取自http://www.bhp.doh.gov.tw/BHPNET/Portal/PressShow.aspx?No=201010140001
行政院衛生署國民健康局(2011)。政府積極推動:營造敬老、親老的高齡友善環境。
2011年10月10日,取自http://www.bhp.doh.gov.tw/BHPNET/Portal/PressShow.aspx?No=201110060003
行政院衛生署國民健康局(2011)。老化海嘯襲臺灣,23鄉鎮超高齡,89%老人有慢性病!健康局成立10週年,公佈台灣老化地圖。2011年10月10日,取自http://www.bhp.doh.gov.tw/BHPnet/Portal/PressShow.aspx?No=201107110001
行政院衛生署國民健康局(2011)。想強心防癌,延年益壽?動就對了!!15分鐘也有效,國健局推新版健康操,請你要動動! 2011年10月10日,取自http://www.bhp.doh.gov.tw/BHPNET/Portal/PressShow.aspx?No=201108170001
行政院衛生署國民健康局(2011)。老人健康促進計畫(2009-2012)。2011年10月30日,取自http://www.bhp.doh.gov.tw/BHPnet/Portal/Them_Show.aspx?Subject=201109300006&;Class=2&;No=201110210001
行政院體育委員會(2000)。2000年國民運動參與調查報告。台北市:行政院體育委員會。
行政院體育委員會(2010)。打造運動島計畫。台北市:行政院體育委員會。
江季蓁、劉影梅、何卓飛、洪嘉文、呂生源(2009)。不同國家兒童及青少年身體活動的推薦量與政策比較。國民體育季刊,38(3)。
吳文忠等(譯)(1997)。運動心理學。台北市:五南。

吳明隆(2005)。SPSS 統計應用學習實務-問卷分析與應用統計第二版。台北市:知城數位科技。
吳明隆(2008)。SPSS操作與應用問卷統計分析實務。台北市:五南。
吳明隆(2009)。SPSS操作與應用問卷統計分析實務第二版。台北市:五南。
社區發展季刊(2010)。社論-活躍老化與積極福利。社區發展季刊,132,1-2。
李淑芳、劉淑嬿(2008)。老年人功能性體適能。台北市:華杏。
李雲龍(2011)。國內運動與老化研究論文之探討:健康老化模式之建立。國立體育大學運動科學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
何肇益、林如瀚(2009)。運動承諾模式在競技與健身運動之探討。中華體育季刊, 2new window
(4),85-95。
周玟琪(2007)。中高齡者與老年人年齡層界定問題之探討。2013年5月25日,取自http://hilearning.cla.gov.tw/upload/periodical/1235ecb422400000884c.pdf.
周嘉琪、王俊明(2011)。運動社會支持、運動享樂對中年運動參與者幸福感之影響。臺灣體育學術研究,50,21-35。new window
周嘉琪、胡凱揚(2005)。健身運動參與動機量表的編製。大專體育學刊,7(1),117-129。new window
林子郁(2012)。邁向長壽社會:日本高齡者成功老化與運動資源。休閒與社會研究,6,57-67。new window
林士絹、黃芳進(2012)。 與生命共舞-高齡者的運動體悟。屏東教大體育, 15,464 -476。new window
林芝安(2013)。面臨銀髮時代來臨。康健,175,12-18。
林岑怡(2005)。有氧舞蹈參與者身體自我概念、參與動機及健身運動承諾對運動參與行為之影響。國立體育學院體育研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園縣。
林麗敏(2007)。國小已婚教師性別角色信念與家庭承諾、工作承諾之關係研究。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
林麗娟(2007)。談健康體能與健走。2013年5月26日,取自http://health.osa.ncku.edu.tw/ezfiles/67/1067/img/553/95_3.pdf

林麗惠(2006)。從積極老化的觀點談高齡社會的因應策略。中華民國成人教育學會,台北市政府教育局主編,東亞地區高齡社會教育對策研討會論文集,66-82。
林麗惠(2006)。臺灣高齡學習者成功老化之研究。人口學刊,33,133-170。new window
林麗惠(2008)。從高齡社會發展趨勢建構積極老化指標之研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告(編號:NSC96-2413-H-364-002),未出版。
邱麗穎(2011)。單車騎士運動參與動機、影響因素及持續涉入之因應策略。國立中正大學運動與休閒教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義縣。
季力康、黃耀宗(2008)。運動科學概論。2013年5月25日,取自http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:c51f96QG-_8J:www.wagners.com.tw/assist/OP10-ch7.ppt+&;cd=1&;hl=zh-TW&;ct=clnk
胡天玫(2000)。健身心理學。2013年11月10日,取自http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1309100/
馬上閔、馬上鈞、陳聖峰(2011)。驗證運動承諾與運動行為結構模式之研究。輔仁大學體育學刊,10,212-229。new window
馬君萍、王耀聰(2006)。運動承諾模式理論探討。大專體育,82,147-153。new window
高雄市民政局(2013)。高雄市戶籍人口統計查詢。2013年5月25日,取自http://cabu.kcg.gov.tw/Report/ReportTypeFile.aspx?id=92&;menuid=183
康健編輯部(2013)。回顧2012-影響你健康的13件大事。康健,170,71。
徐嘉君(1999)。登山活動參與者行為意向之研究。中國文化大學觀光事業研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
徐慧娟、張明正(2004)。台灣老人成功老化與活躍老化現況:多層次分析,台灣社會福利學刊,3(2) ,1-36。new window
教育部體育大辭典編定委員會(1986)。體育大辭典。台北市:台灣商務。
陳忠強、蔣億德(2005)。健身運動態度有關的理論模式之探討。大專體育,81,137-144。new window


陳秀珠(1998)。老人運動行為及其相關因素研究--以台北市基督長老教會松年大學55歲以上學員為例。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。new window
陳俊忠、李雪楨、張谷州(2011)。中高齡者運動健康促進之模式建構與效益探討。2013年5月25日,取自http:// http://tag.org.tw/admin/uploads/20120906121359_9712.pdf.
陳桂敏(2007)。國小教師運動承諾與運動行為之研究。國立臺北教育大學體育學系碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
陳慶餘(2010)。老年醫學與活躍老化目標。社會發展季刊,132,178-188。new window
陳麗芷(2008)。老人休閒運動動機、休閒涉入對休閒流暢經驗之研究。國立嘉義大學體育與健康休閒研究所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義縣。
郭藍遠(2008)。銀髮族的運動處方。2012年1月10日,取自http://www.kmu.edu.tw/~kmcj/data/9710/8.htm
張少熙、周學雯(2011)。高齡者運動創新服務模式之個案研究─以芬蘭佑華斯克拉(Jyväskylä)為例。行政院體育委員會運動發展基金補助運動產業專題研究計畫成果報告。
張春興(2000)。張氏心理學辭典(修正版)。台北市:東華。
張春興(2006)。張氏心理學辭典(重訂版)。台北市:東華。
張嘉洲(2006)。中老年人休閒運動參與動機與效益之研究—以新竹地區太極氣功十八式運動為例。國立臺灣師範大學體育學系在職進修碩士班碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
湯志傑(2008)。運動≠sports:本土運動觀念初探。2011年12月2日,取自http://www.ios.sinica.edu.tw/ios/people/personal/ctang/Se_C_04.pdf。
黃富順(2004)。高齡學習。台北市:五南。new window
黃富順(2009)。高等教育待開發的新領域-高齡學習者。載於中華民國成人及終身教育學會主編,高齡學習與高等教育,205-220。台北市,師大書苑。new window
黃富順、楊國德(2011)。高齡學。台北市:五南。
黃錦山(2011)。人口變遷與高齡化趨勢、認識活躍老化。2011年12月2日,取自http://aerc.ccu.edu.tw/60_download/60_mainpage.htm
黃獻樑、陳晶瑩、陳慶餘(2007)。老人運動處方之實務探討。臺灣家庭醫學研究,5 (1),1-16。
莊秀美、賴明俊(2010)。活躍老化—日本推動「生涯現役社會營造」 相關課題之探討。社區發展季刊,132,252-263。new window
楊志良(2010)。由活躍老化觀點建構國民健康新願景。社區發展季刊,132,26-40。new window
楊孝濚(2010)。活躍老化與反年齡歧視法之制定。社區發展季刊,132,213-216。new window
楊培珊、黃郁芬(2010)。老人與孩子們一起活躍:「活化歷史」方案在台灣的經驗。社區發展季刊,132,303-314。new window
蔡英美、王俊明(2007)。中年人運動參與動機量表之信度與效度分析。國立體育學院論叢,18(1),23-28。new window
蔣孝美(2008)。中老年人的運動健康信念與健身運動參與動機對身體活動量的影響。國立雲林科技大學休閒運動研究所碩士論文,未出版,雲林縣。
盧俊宏(1995)。運動心理學。台北市:師大書苑。
謝元賓(2008)。長期照護機構住民活躍老化之質性初探-以北部某長期照護機構為例。臺灣大學醫療機構管理研究所碩士論文為出版,台北市。
謝承恩、藍孝勤(2008)。高齡者規律運動對成功老化影響之探討。2008兩岸體育發展研討會論文集 ,205 -218。
蕭文高(2010)。活躍老化與照顧服務:理論、政策與實務。社區發展季刊,132,41-58。new window
蕭文龍(2009)。多變量分析最佳入門實用書第二版。台北市:碁峰。
簡后淑(2005)。以運動承諾模式探討健身運動依附之相關研究。國立體育學院教練研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園縣。

鐘月琴(1995)。社區中風病人主要照護者的需要。臺灣大學護理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
鐘志強(2000)。休閒運動參與動機理論。雲科大體育 ,3,63-68。
蘇怡菁(2006)。不同背景因素及運動階段之國小學童家長其運動健康信念及運動社會支持之研究。國立體育學院體育研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園縣。(刪除)
蘇振鑫(1999)。運動健康信念與運動行為之研究-以健康信念模式探討中老年人的運動行為。國立體育學院體育研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園縣。































二、英文部分

Ajzen, I., &; Madden, T. J. (1986). Prediction of goal directed behavior: Attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioral control. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22, 453-474.
American College of Sports Medicine. (2009). ACSM position stand: Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Medicine &; Science in Sports &; Exercise, 41(7),1510-1530.
Andrew, G. M.(1981).Reason for dropout from exercise programs in post coronary
patients. Medicine Science of Sport Exercise , 13(13),164-168.
Bandura, A. (1997).Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W. H. Freeman.
Becker, H. S. (1960). Notes on the concepts of commitment. American Sociological Review, 66 , 32-40.
Becker, M. H., &; Maiman, L. A.(1975).Sociobehavioral determinants of compliance with health and medical care recommendations. Medical Care,13(1), 10- 24.
Becker, S., Huy, C., Brinkhoff, K. P., Gomolinsky, U., Klein, T., Thiel, A. , &; Zimmermann-Stenzel, M. (2007) . "Living an active life" - Sports, exercise and health in middle-aged and older adults –An empirical database on physical activity, health behavior and lifestyle in the 50-to 70-year-old residential population of Baden-Wuerttemberg .Gesundheitswesen.69(7). 401-407.
Bengtson, V. L., Elder, G. H. &; Putney, N. M. (2005) .The Lifecourse Perspective on Ageing: Link Lives, Timing, and History. The Cambridge Handbook of Age and Ageing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Beran, J. (1986). Exercise and the elderly: Observation on a functioning program.In B. McPherson (Ed.), Sport and aging (pp.117-123). Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.
Biddle, S. J. H., Fox, K. R., &; Boutcher , S. H.(2000). Physical active and psychological well-being. London:Routledge.
Bowling, A.(2008) .Enhancing Later Life: How Older People Perceive Active Ageing? Aging &; Mental Health, 12(3), 293 – 301.
Buchanan, B. (1974). Building organizational commitment: The socialization of managers in work organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 19, 533 -546.
Cameron, C., Craig, C. L., Stephens, T., &; Ready, T. A. (2002). Increasing physical activity: Supporting an active workforce. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute.
Caprara, M., Molina, MÁ., Schettini, R., Santacreu, M., Orosa, T., Mendoza-Núñez ,V. M., Rojas, M., &; Fernández-Ballesteros, R. (2013). Active aging promotion: results from the vital aging program. Retrieved July 15, 2013, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Active+aging+promotion%3A+results+from+the+vial+aging+program.
Carpenter, P. J., &; Coleman, R. (1998). A longitudinal study of elite youth cricketers’ commitment. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 29, 195–210.
Carpenter, P. J., &; Scanlan, T. K. (1998). Changes over time in determinants of the sport commitment model. PediatricExercise Science, 10, 356–365.
Carter, W. B., Edward K., Malmgren J., Martin M., &; Larson E..(1991). "Participation of Older Adults in Health Programs and Research: A Critical Review of the Literature." The Gerontologist 31 (5): 584-92.
Casper, J. M.,Gray, D. P. ,&; Stellino, M. E.(2007).A Sport Commitment Model Perspective on AdultTennis Players' Participation Frequency and Purchase Intention. Sport Management Review,10,253-278.
Caspersen, C. J.,Powell, K. E., &; Christenson, G.M. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness:Definition and distinctions for health related research. Public Health Reports, 100,126- 131.
Chodzko-Zajko, W. J., Proctor, D. N., Singh, M. A. F., Minson, C. T., Nigg, C. R., Salem, G. J.,&; Skinner, J. S. (2009). Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Medicine &;Science in Sports &; Exercise, 41(7), 1510-1530.
Concannon, L. G.,Grierson, M. J. &; Harrast M. A. (2012). Exercise in the Older Adult: From the Sedentary Elderly to the Masters Athlete. PM&;R, 4(11),833-839.
Cousins, S. O. (1993).The determinant of late life exercise in women over age 70. Retrieved November 15, 2011, from https://circle.ubc.ca/handle/2429/2082.
Darr, A., Astin, K., &; Atkin, K.(2008). Causal attributions, lifestyle change and coronary heart disease: illness beliefs of patients of South Asian and European origin living in the United Kingdom. Heart Lung ,37, 91–104.
Davey, J. A. (2002). Active aging and education in mid and later life.Ageing and Sociey, 22, 95-113.
Davis, C., Fox, J., Brewer, H., &; Ratusny, D. (1995). Motivation to exercise as a function of personality characteristics, age, and gender. Personality and individual Differences ,19(2), 165-174.
Deci, E. L., &; Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press Publishing Co.
Deci, E. L., &; Ryan, R. M..(1991). A motivational approach to self :Integration in personality. Nebraska symposium on motivation,38,237-288.
DiPietro, L. (2001). Physical activity in aging: Changes in patterns and their relationship to health and function. The Journals of Gerontology, 56, 13-22.
Dishman, R. K., Sallis, J. F., &; Orenstein, D. R.(1985).The determinants of physical activity and exercise. Public health reports, 100(2), 158 - 171.
Dishman, R. K.,&; Steinhardt, M.(1988).Reliability and concurrent validity for a 7-d re-call of physical activity in college students. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 20,14- 25.
Duda, J. L. , &; Tappe, M. K. (1989).The personal incentives for exercise questionnaire: Preliminary development.Perceptual and Motor Skills, 66, 543- 549.
Dychtwald, K.(2000). Age Power: How the 21st Century Will Be Ruled by the New Old. New York:Tarcher/Putnam.
Fishbein, M., &; Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Foster, L. ,&; Walker, A.(2013). Gender and active ageing in Europe. European Journal of Ageing .10( 1). 3-10.
Garcia-Mas, A., Palou, P., &; Gili, M.(2010). Commitment, Enjoyment and Motivation in Young Soccer Competitive Players. The Spanish Journal of Psychology ,13.( 2), 609-616.
George, L. K.(2007) Age Structures, Aging, and the Life Course, in J. M. Wilmoth &; K. F. Ferraro(eds.) Gerontology: Perspectives and Issues. New York: Springer.
Griffith, T. D.(2001). The relationship between death awareness and successful aging among older adults. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Florida State University.
Hardy, S., &; Grogan, S.(2009). Preventing Disability through Exercise Investigating Older Adults' Influences and Motivations to Engage in Physical Activity.Journal of Health Psychology.14(7). 1036-1046.
Hayslip, B., Weigand, D., Weinberg, R., Richardson, P., &; Jackson, A. (1996). The development of new scales for assessing health belief model constructs in adulthood. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 4, 307-323.
Heinzelmann, F., &; Baglay, R. W.(1970).Respones to Physical Activitiy Programs and Their Effects on Health Behavior.Public Health Reports,85(10),905-912.
Hollenbeck, J. R., &; Klein, H. J. (1987). Goal Commitment and the Goal-Setting Process:
Problems, Prospects, and Proposals for Future Research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 7 (22), 212 -220.
Horne, M., Speed, S., Skelton, D., &; Todd, C.( 2009). What do community-dwelling Caucasian and South Asian 60–70 year olds think about exercise for fall prevention?Age Ageing 38, 68–73.
Horne, M., Skelton, D., Speed, S., &; Todd, C.( 2010). The influence of primary health care professionals in encouraging exercise and physical activity uptake among White and South Asian older adults: experiences of ‘young’ older adults. Patient Educ.Couns. 78, 97–103.
Horne, M., &; Tierney, S.(2012).What are the barriers and facilitators to exercise and physical activity uptake and adherence among South Asian older adults: A systematic review of qualitative studies. Preventive Medicine ,55,276–284.
Hutchison, T., Morrison, P., &; Mikhailovich, K. (2006). A Review of the Literature on Active Ageing. Healthpact Research Centre for Health Promotion and Wellbeing, University of Canberra.
Katzmarzyk, P. T., Gledhill, N., &; Shephard, R. J. (2000). The economic burden of physical activity in Canada.Canadian Medical Association Journal, 163, 1435–1440.
Klusmann,V., Evers.A, Schwarzer, R., &; Heuser, I.(2012). Views on aging and emotional
benefits of physical activity: Effects of an exercise intervention in older women.
Psychology of Sport and Exercise,13,(2),236-242.
Lachman, M. E., &; Agrigoroaei, S.(2010). Promoting Functional Health in Midlife and Old Age: Long-Term Protective Effects of Control Beliefs, Social Support, and Physical Exercise. Retrieved June 15, 2013, from http://midus.wisc.edu/findings/pdfs/845.pdf
Leary, M. R., Wheeler, D. S., &; Jenkins, T. B. (1986). Aspects of identity and behavioral preference: Studies of occupational and recreational choice. Social Psychology Quarterly, 49, 11-18.
Maddux, J. E. (1993).Social cognitive models of health and exercise behavior: An introduction and review of conceptual issues.Journal of Applied Sport Psychology,5(2),116-140.
Maehr, M. L., &; Braskamp, L. A. (1986). The motivation factor: A theory of personal investment. Lexington,MA: Lexington Press.
Markland, D. &; Ingledew, D.K. (1997). The measurement of exercise motives: Factorial validity and invariance across gender of a revised Exercise Motivations Inventory. British Journal of Health Psychology, 2, 361-376.
Martin, K. A., &; Hausenblaus, H. A. (1998). Psychological commitment to exercise and eating disorder symptomology among female aerobic instructors. Sport Psychologist, 12, 180–190.
Mayhew, L. (2005). Active ageing in the UK-issues, barriers, policy directions. Innovation: The European journal of social sciences, 18(4), 455-477.
McFarquhar, T. ,&; Bowling, A. (2009) . Psychological well-being and active ageing: Maintaining quality of life in older age. European Psychiatry,24,1102.
Misra, R., Alexy, B., &; Panigrahi, B. (1996). The relationships among self-esteem, exercise, and self-rated health in older women. Journal of Women &; Aging, 8(1), 81-94.
Moody, H. R.(2004). Four scenarios for an aging society. Hastings Center Report, 24(5), 32-36.
Moschny, A., Platen, P., Klaaben-Mielke, R., Trampisch, U., &; Hinrichs, T.(2011).Physical activity patterns in older men and women in Germany: a cross-sectional study. Retrieved May 24, 2013,http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/559#B1
OECD(2006). Live longer, work longer.Retrived June 15 2013 from http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/employment/live-longer-work-longer_9789264035881-en
Pender, N. J., Murdaugh, C. L., &; Parsons, M. A.(2006).Health promotion in nursing practice.New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Peterson, P.(2006). A Graying World: The Dangers of Global Aging. Retrieved May 24, 2013,http://hir.harvard.edu/disease/a-graying-world.
Powell, K. E., &; Paffenbarger, R. S.(1985).Workshop on epidemiologic and public health aspects of physical activity and exercise:a summary . Public Health Report,100(2),118-125.
Price, A. E., Greer, B., &; Tucker, A. (2013). Older Black Women's Experiences Initiating and Maintaining Physical Activity: Implications for Theory and Practice.Journal of Aging and Physical Activity.21(3),348-366.
Purdie, N. ,&; McCrindle, A.(2002).Self-regulation, self-efficacy and health behavior change in older adults.Educational Gerontology,28,379-400.
RafflesMedicalGroup(2013). Active Ageing - Live Life to the Fullest! Retrieved May 24, 2013, from http://rafflesmedicalgroup.com.sg/health-articles/health-topics/active-ageing-live-life-to-the-fullest.aspx.
Redman, B. K.(2007).The practice of patient education : a case study approach, Elsevier Health Sciences.
Rejeski, W.J., &; Brawley, L.R. (1988). Defining the boundaries of sport psychology. The SportPsychologist, 3, 23 1-242.
Resnick, B., &; Nigg, C. (2003). Testing a theoretical model of exercise behavior for older adults. Nursing Research,52(2), 80-89.
Riley, M. W., &; Riley, J. W. (1994). Age Integration and the Lives of Older People, The Gerontologist, 34(1), 110-115.
Riley, M. W., &; Riley, J. W.(2000) .Age Integration: Conceptual and Historical Background, The Gerontologist, 40(3), 266-270.
Robinson, K. A.(1992).Examination perception of the elderly toward regular physical activity:use of the theory of planned behavior.MAI,31(2),788.
Rosenstock, I. M. (1974).Historical origins of the health belief model. Health Education Monographs , 2, 328-335.
Rowe, J. W., &; Kahn, R. L. (1987). Human aging: usual and successful.Science, 237, 143-149.
Rowe, J. W. &; Kahn, R. L. (1997).Successful Aging. The Gerontologist,37(4),433-440.
Rowe, J. W. &; Kahn, R. L. (1998) .The Structure of Successful Aging.In: Rowe, J.W. &; Kahn, R.L., (Eds), Successful Aging.(p.36-52).New York: Dell Publishing.
Ruffing-Rahal, M. A.(1991). Initial psychometric evaluation of a qualitative well-being measure: the integration inventory. Health values, 15(2), 10-20.
Rusbult, C. E. (1980). Commitment and satisfaction in romantic associations: A test of the investment model. Journal of Experience and Social Psychology, 16, 172-186.new window
Rusbult ,C. E., &; Farrell, D. (1983). A longitudinal test of the investment model: The impact of on job satisfaction, job commitment, and turnover of variations in rewards, costs, alternatives and investments. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 429 -438.new window
Sallis, J. F., Hovell, M. F., &; Hofstetter, C. R.(1992).Predictors of adoption and maintenance of vigorous physical activity in men and women. Preventive Medicine , 21, 237 – 251.
Sarkisian, C. A., Hays, R. D., &; Mangione, C. M. (2002). Do older adults expect to age successfully? The association between expectations regarding aging and beliefs regarding healthcare seeking among older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 50(11), 1837-1843.
Scanlan, T. K.,Carpenter, P. J., Schmidt, G. W., Simons, J. P., &; Keeler, B. (1993).An introduction to the sport commitment model. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15 , 1 -15.
Scanlan, T. K., &; Simons, J. P. (1992).The construct of sport enjoyment. In G. C.Roberts (Ed.), Motivation in sport and exercise.Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Sharpe, P. A., &; Connell, C. M. (1992). Exercises beliefs and behaviors among older employees:A health promotion trail. The Gerontologist, 32, 444-449.
Shephard, R.J.(1987). Physical activity and aging. London: Helm.
Struck, B. D. ,&; Ross, M. K. (2006). Health promotion in older adults. Geriatrics,61(5),22-27.
Walker, A. (2002). A strategy for active ageing. International Social Security Review, 55(1), 121-139.
Walker, A.(2006). Active ageing in employment: its meaning and potential. Asia-Pacific Review, 13(1),78-93.
Wankel, L. M., &; Berger, B. G. (1991). The psychological and social benefits of sport and physical activity. Journal of Leisure Research, 22, 167-182.
Weigand, D. A. (1993).Validity of the health belief model as a predictor of activity in younger and older adult. Master Abstract International,32(2), 726.
Weiss, M. R., &; Ferrer-Caja, E. (2002). Motivational orientations in sport. In T.S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in sport psychology (2nd ed., pp. 101-183). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Weiss, M. R., Kimmel, L .A. &; Smith, A. L. ( 2001).Determinants of sport commitment among junior tennis players: Enjoyment as a mediating variable. Pediatric exercise science,13, 131 – 144.
Weiss, W. M., &; Weiss, M. R. (2003). Attraction and entrapment-based commitment among competitive female gyrnnasts. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,25, 229-247
WHO(2011).10 facts on ageing and the life course. Retrieved January 24, 2012, from http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/ageing/en/index.html
Willis, D. J., &; Campbell, L. F. (1992). Exercise psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Wilson, P. M., Rodger, W. M., Carpenter, P. J., Hall, C., Hardy, J., &; Fraser, S. N.(2004). The relationship between commitment and exercise behavior. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5, 405-421.
World Health Organization.(2002) .Active Ageing:A Policy Framework.Madrid,
Spain: Ageing and Life Course Program, Second United Nations World Assembly on Ageing Press.
Vuori, I.(1998). Does physical activity enhance health? Patient Education And Counseling,33, 95-103.

 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
QR Code
QRCODE