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題名:青少年自我統合、憂鬱傾向及生活適應關聯性之研究:模式建構與驗證
作者:吳肇賢
校院名稱:高雄師範大學
系所名稱:教育學系
指導教授:傅粹馨博士
劉慶中博士
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2014
主題關鍵詞:自我統合憂鬱傾向生活適應青少年ego identitydepression tendencylife adjustmentadolescents
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本研究旨在探討青少年自我統合、憂鬱傾向及生活適應之關聯,以瞭解自我統合對生活適應的直接影響,及自我統合是否透過憂鬱傾向間接影響生活適應。本研究採用問卷調查法,以高屏地區國中學生為母群體,總計調查 1025位國中學生。研究工具包含「基本資料表」、「自我統合量表」、「憂鬱傾向量表」及「生活適應量表」。本研究採用探索性因素分析、信度分析、驗證性因素分析、單因子多變量變異數分析及結構方程模式等統計方法,分析資料與驗證假設。
本研究結論如下:
一、青少年的自我統合、憂鬱傾向及生活適應的測量模式契合觀察資料。
二、青少年的自我統合、憂鬱傾向及生活適應分別在「性別」、「年級」、「父親教養方式」及「母親教養方式」等變項上有差異。
(一)在自我統合方面:男性青少年高於女性青少年;國一及國三青少年高於國二青少年;開明型的父母親教養方式高於放任型的父母親教養方式。
(二)在憂鬱傾向方面:女性青少年高於男性青少年;國二青少年高於國一青少年;專制型的父母親教養方式高於開明型的父母親教養方式。
(三)在生活適應方面:男性青少年高於女性青少年;國一青少年高於國二與國三青少年;開明型的父母親教養方式上高於放任型的父母親教養方式。
三、不同自我統合程度的青少年在「憂鬱傾向」、「生活適應」等變項上有差異。
(一)在憂鬱傾向方面:自我統合程度越低的青少年均高於自我統合程度越高的青少年。
(二)在生活適應方面:自我統合程度越高的青少年均高於自我統合程度越低的青少年。
四、青少年的自我統合對生活適應有直接效果;此外,憂鬱傾向在自我統合對生活適應間有中介效果。
最後,本研究根據上述研究結論,提出具體建議,以供青少年國中生、學校教育人員、父母教養方面及後續研究之參考。
關鍵字:自我統合、憂鬱傾向、生活適應、青少年
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among the ego identity, depression tendency, and life adjustment of adolescents. A model was constructed to verify the direct impact of ego identity on life adjustment by evaluating whether depression tendency was the mediator in the model.
A questionnaire survey was conducted in this study. Junior high school adolescents from Kaohsiung and Pingtung (N = 1,025)were invited to fill the questionnaires. The data were used to construct and verify the structural model.
The data were from the Ego Identity Scale, the Depression Tendency Scale, and the
Life Adjustment Scale. Data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA), reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), one-way MANOVA, and structural equation modeling (SEM) .
Major findings of this research were as follows:
1. The scales were appropriated to evaluate adolescents’ ego identity, depression tendency, and life adjustment.
2. There were differences among the variables of gender, grade, fathers’ rearing method, and mothers’ rearing method as well as adolescents’ ego identity, depression tendency, and life adjustment.
(a) Ego Identity: Ego Identity of Male adolescents were higher than female. Ego Identity of Seventh and ninth grade students were higher than eighth grade. Ego Identity of Parents who were liberal in their parenting had a higher score than parents who were indulgent had.
(b) Depression Tendency: Depression Tendency of Female adolescents were higher than male. Depression Tendency of Eighth grade students were higher than seventh grade. Depression Tendency of Parents who were tyrannical in their parenting had a higher score than parents who were liberal had.
(c) Life Adjustment: Life Adjustment of Male adolescents were higher than female. Life Adjustment of Seventh grade students were higher than the eighth and ninth grade. Life Adjustment of Parents who were liberal in their parenting had a higher score than parents who were indulgent had.
3. There were differences between the variables of depression tendency, life adjustment
as well as adolescents’ ego identity.
(a) Depression Tendency: Depression Tendency of The adolescents with low ego identity had a higher score than adolescents with high ego identity had.
(b) Life Adjustment: Life Adjustment of The adolescents with high ego identity had a higher score than adolescents with low ego identity had.
4. Adolescents’ ego identity had a direct and positive effect on their life adjustment. The relationship between ego identity and life adjustment was also mediated by depression tendency.
The findings of this study offered practical suggestions for adolescents, school administration, parent rearing practices and future research.
Keywords: ego identity, depression tendency, life adjustment, adolescents
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