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題名:分類催眠治療模式對受戒治人自我概念與情緒之矯治效果研究
作者:張雲傑
作者(外文):Chang Yun-Chieh
校院名稱:中央警察大學
系所名稱:犯罪防治研究所
指導教授:林健陽、李思賢
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2014
主題關鍵詞:催眠戒治毒品藥癮受戒治人心理治療精神分析認知行為IPDAHCDhypnosisrehabilitationdrugdrug addictiondrug abuserpsychotherapypsychoanalysiscognitive behaviorIPDAHCD
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摘 要
為驗證研究者依據精神分析、認知行為及催眠治療理論所建構之「分類催眠治療模式」,即以IPDA治療視覺心象能力強者、以HCD治療視覺心象能力弱者,是否可使接受分類治療之受戒治人在自我概念與情緒改善效果上,顯著優於未接受分類催眠治療者。本研究於2008年3月至2011年11月間,以臺灣北部某戒治所男性受戒治人為分層隨機抽樣之研究對象,採受試者單盲之等組前後測準實驗設計進行研究。
本實驗以「催眠感受性測試」將隨機抽樣之受戒治人分為「視覺心象能力強者」與「視覺心象能力弱者」兩類,從中各自隨機抽取18人,再分別隨機分派至IPDA團體(由治療師實施)、HCD團體(以套裝催眠CD實施)、及控制組(一般戒治處遇)各6人,即共分為「強心象-IPDA(實驗組)、弱心象-HCD(實驗組)、強心象-HCD(對照組)、弱心象-IPDA(對照組)、強心象-控制組、弱心象-控制組」等6組。實驗組與對照組以團體方式實施每週1次、每次1.5小時,總計5次團體催眠治療,控制組則未受催眠治療,4年內累計IPDA樣本120人、HCD樣本120人、控制組樣本120人,總樣本數計360人。研究期間以「田納西自我概念量表、貝克焦慮、絕望感、自殺意念、憂鬱量表」等5種心理測驗收集受試者前、後測之心理變化資料,並以SPSS統計軟體之共變數分析檢定之(P<.05)。
研究重要發現如下:
一、以雙因子共變數分析檢定分類催眠治療效果之變異來源,顯示自我概念改善效果之差異,是受「視覺心象能力、IPDA療法、HCD療法」等三實驗變項所影響;而情緒改善效果之差異則僅受「視覺心象能力」所影響。
二、以單因子共變數分析檢定6組受試者之治療效果差異顯示,在自我概念改善方面之效果強弱順序為:強心象-IPDA組、強心象-HCD組、強心象-控制組、弱心象-IPDA組、弱心象-HCD組、弱心象-控制組;而在情緒改善效果方面,強心象-IPDA組最佳、強心象-HCD組次佳、其它組別效果較弱且無顯著差異。
三、以單因子共變數分析檢定IPDA對不同視覺心象能力者之自我概念及情緒改善效果,以對「有前世心象者」最佳、對「非前世心象者」次佳、對「片段心象者」尚可、對「全無心象者」最弱。此外,IPDA亦可使原本無視覺心象者因產生「片段心象」而改善自我概念中之「心理自我」。
四、成對比較結果顯示,IPDA為視覺心象能力強者之最佳主要治療方案,HCD為視覺心象能力弱者之最佳輔助治療方案;且IPDA、HCD、一般戒治處遇之最佳治療對象均為視覺心象能力強者。
五、從IPDA組受試者之視覺心象內容發現,前置成癮原因多為引發「恐懼、罪惡感」之心理創傷,多發生於「小學、國中階段」;首次用毒原因多為「避苦趨樂、自我治療」之現實需求,多發生於「國中、成年早期階段(20至29歲)」。前世心象所象徵之成癮原因多為造成「自卑情結、恐懼物質濫用後果」的心理創傷,而夢境心象則多象徵造成「恐懼、憂鬱」之心理創傷。歸納「吸毒原因心象」內容共有「前置因素、悲劇情節、前世心象、情緒防衛、心理創傷、痊癒後不再重複」等6大特徵。
本研究結果顯示「分類催眠治療模式」之治療效果與實務貢獻如下:
一、自我概念改善效果:「強心象-IPDA組」在「自我總分、心理自我」等2項顯著優於「強心象-控制組」;在「故意表現好、自我總分、生理自我、道德倫理自我、心理自我、社會自我、自我認同、自我行動」等8項顯著優於「弱心象-控制組」;「弱心象-HCD組」在「自我行動」的改善效果上顯著優於「弱心象-控制組」。
二、情緒改善效果:「強心象-IPDA組」在「絕望感(前測得分>4.92)」、「憂鬱」等2項顯著優於「強心象-控制組」;在「焦慮(前測得分>6.73)」、「絕望感(前測得分>3.25)」等2項顯著優於「弱心象-控制組」。
三、IPDA可對視覺心象能力愈強者產生愈佳的治療效果,其中之「前世療法」可有效提升道德倫理觀念、回溯技術可揭露潛意識成癮因子、能在符合情境限定之視覺心象內實施行為治療,其認知催眠技術可發揮楷模學習與頓悟的治療效果、推進技術可讓個案預見未來並做生涯規劃,並可開發不同視覺心象能力者之自我治療能力。
四、HCD具有完全保密的心理治療過程且實施方式簡便,其5種治療主題可產生綜合的治療效果,開發不同視覺心象能力者之自我治療能力,並可減輕戒治所心理治療人力負擔。
故研究者根據以上研究成果,從理論模式及矯治實務應用層面提出相關建議,以供學術界及實務界參考。
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to examine the effectiveness of Classification-Based Hypnotherapy (CBH) developed by the author. The CBH model contains the hypnosis therapy program (IPDA) for individuals with higher visual imagery ability and the 5 CD hypnotherapy program (HCD) for those with lower visual imagery ability. This Model is an integrated and classification-based intervention approach for the drug abusers in treatment centers.
Data were gathered during the period from 2008 to 2011 using a quasi-experimental design and stratified random sampling to choose the subjects. Participants(n=360) were assessed on their visual imagery ability via the hypnotic susceptibility CD and then assigned to one of six groups; high imagery ability/ IPDA (HIA-IPDA), high imagery ability/ HCD (HIA-HCD), low imagery ability/ IPDA (LIA-IPDA), low imagery ability/ HCD (LIA-HCD), high imagery ability control(HIA-C) and low imagery ability control(LIA-C). The HIA-IPDA and LIA-IPDA groups then participated in IPDA course (5-session, 7.5-hour), the HIA-HCD and LIA-HCD groups participated in HCD course (5-session, 7.5-hour) whilst the HIA-C and LIA-C groups acted as controls. Tennessee Self-Concept Scale(TSCS:2) , Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI), Beck Hopelessness Scale(BHS),Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation(BSS), and The Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition(BDI-II) were used in the study to conduct pre- and posttest measures of all subjects. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA using SPSS v18.0.
The results were as follows: 1. the high visual imagery ability groups demonstrated superior outcomes compared with the low visual imagery ability groups; 2. HIA-IPDA group scored significantly greater than HIA-C group on these subscales or scores: Total Positive, Physical Self, Moral-Ethical Self, Identity, Behavior, Social Self, Depression and Hopelessness; 3. HIA-IPDA group scored greater than LIA-C group on Anxiety and Hopelessness, and LIA-HCD group scored greater than LIA-C group on Behavior. The results could be explained by the differences in visual imagery ability, IPDA or HCD interventions.
The current study offers support to the hypothesis that Classification-Based Hypnotherapy Model is an effective and better treatment program for the male drug abusers in treatment centers.
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四、英文網路資料
ISH. (2014, May 24). The International Society of Hypnosis: Code of Ethics, from the World Wide Web: http://www.ishhypnosis.org/index.php/administration/ code-of-
ethics
NHA. (2014, May 24). National Hypnosis Association Member: Code of Ethics, from the World Wide Web:http://nationalhypnosisassociation.com/Code_of_Ethics.html
 
 
 
 
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