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題名:台灣城鄉地區國中生偏差行為之比較—以Agnew一般化緊張理論之分析
作者:蔡東敏
作者(外文):Tung-MinTsai
校院名稱:國立成功大學
系所名稱:教育研究所
指導教授:董旭英
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2015
主題關鍵詞:城鄉差距偏差行為一般化緊張理論接觸偏差同儕認同非法手段urban-rural differencesdelinquencygeneral strain theoryassociation with delinquent peersidentification of illegal means
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台灣城鄉地區國中生偏差行為之比較—以Agnew一般化緊張理論之分析
摘要
青少年偏差問題的成因是多元的,不能以危險因子或保護因子等單一面向進行探討,應以多元性觀點,結合不同面向的學科領域,以求對青少年偏差行為有更完整的解釋。因此,本研究在理論上以「一般化緊張理論」為架構,期能瞭解青少年在生活環境中各種緊張壓力,對其偏差行為之影響。由於偏差行為乃是一種複雜的社會現象,它與偏差行為者之家庭、學校、日常生活情境皆有相當密切的關係,所以本研究除了針對生活壓力是否會影響青少年偏差行為外,並加入相關中介變項共同來探討青少年的偏差行為。
本研究旨在探討國中生學校生活困擾、與老師的負面關係、與同儕的負面關係、被霸凌經驗等緊張因素、接觸偏差同儕、認同非法手段與其偏差行為之關聯性。並應用結構方程模式分析緊張因素對國中生偏差行為的直接效果,以及接觸偏差同儕、認同非法手段對學校生活困擾、與老師的負面關係、與同儕的負面關係、被霸凌經驗等緊張因素與國中生偏差行為間關聯之中介效果,暨認同非法手段對接觸偏差同儕與偏差行為的中介效應,試圖建構一個國中生偏差行為發展之因果關係模式。進以比較台灣城鄉地區國中生偏差行為在此一關係模式中的異同。
本研究以台南市國中學生為研究對象,採分層叢集隨機抽樣方法,針對台南市城鄉分級,城市地區各隨機抽取國中七所,鄉村地區各隨機抽取國中八所,總數共十五所;再對每一所國中一、二、三年級學生,以班級為單位各隨機抽取一班,總樣本數合計約1,350名國中學生進行問卷調查,回收有效問卷1,223份。回收問卷經相關資料分析後,研究發現如下:
一、當國中生感受到在生活中的緊張關係時,對於其偏差行為的出現是有直接的影響。
二、國中生接觸偏差同儕的程度愈高,其愈容易有偏差行為的出現。
三、國中生認同非法手段的程度愈高,其出現偏差行為的程度也愈高。
四、國中生接觸偏差同儕、認同非法手段對於緊張關係影響偏差行為的出現皆產生間接的效果。
五、國中生接觸偏差同儕的程度愈高,透過認同非法手段的中介效果,使其偏差行為出現的程度愈高。
六、城市地區國中生所感受到緊張關係愈高時,比鄉村地區的國中生更容易產生偏差行為。
七、鄉村地區的國中生比較是以「間接效應」的方式,反應其感受到緊張關係表現在偏差行為的出現上,及透過接觸偏差同儕或認同非法手段的方式,而產生其偏差行為。
八、認同非法手段對於國中生偏差行為的出現,並無城鄉的差異。
Comparison of Junior High School Students’ Delinquency between Urban and Rural Areas in Taiwan:
To Analyze Robert Agnew's General Strain Theory
SUMMARY
This study is theoretically based on general strain theory, to understand the variety of intense pressures on the youth in their living environment and the impact of their deviant behaviors. Total of fifteen schools were selected randomly – seven schools in urban area and eight schools in rural area in Tainan, junior high school students as the research object. Stratified cluster random sampling was used to collect the students. The foundlings of this study are as follows: (1) comparing to rural areas, students in urban areas are more likely to engage in deviant behaviors when face strain factors, (2) when students in rural areas face more strain factors, they are more likely to use an indirect way in react to deviant behaviors and through contacts deviation peer or identity illegal means, and (3) the impact of illegal means recognition on the delinquent development between students in rural and urban is not different. Strain factors have direct effects on the development of junior high school students’ delinquency, and junior high school students are more likely to engage in deviant behaviors when frequently in contact with delinquent peers.
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