一、中文
內政部 (2009)。社區照顧關懷據點服務效益指標評估-銀髮族體適能檢測實務操作手冊。南投縣：財團法人愚人之友社會福利慈善事業基金會。
內政部 (2015)。民國102年簡易生命表提要分析。取自http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/Life/T04-analysis.html
內政部 (2015)。老人福利法。2015年12月9日，取自：http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=D0050037
內政部 (2016)。105年第3週內政統計通報(104年底人口結構分析)。取自http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/news_content.aspx?sn=10225&page=0
方怡堯 (2015)。生態學模式與多元性運動訓練介入對社區高齡者功能性體適能與休閒時間身體活動量之影響。未出版博士論文，國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
方怡堯 (2015)。高齡者運動促進篇。載於張少熙 (主編)，高齡者全方位健康促進實施手冊。 (頁1-177)。臺北市：臺北市政府衛生局。
方怡堯、何信弘、張少熙 (2014)。在地老化運動促進策略之探討：以芬蘭高齡者運動促進方案為例。中華體育季刊，28(2)，137-144。方怡堯、張少熙、何信弘 (2015)。多元性運動訓練對社區高齡者功能性體適能之影響。體育學報，48(1)，59-72。方進隆 (2014)。運動處方。臺北市：華都文化。
方進隆、李若屏、高鈺彥、張致瑋、卓俊辰 (2008)。社區身體活動推廣策略與介入模式之研究。體育學報，41(3)，1-14。王靜怡 (2013)。臨床問題：運動訓練是否可以改善社區老人之衰弱現象？。長期照護雜誌，17(2)，89-96。
石博文、莊媖智 (2010)。非政府組織人員在原住民社區健康工作的困境。護理暨健康照護研究，6 (3)，231-239。牟鍾福、陳建松 (2010)。我國老人運動政策之研究報告書。臺北市：行政院體育委員會。
行政院主計處 (2006)。都市化程度。取自: http://www.stat.gov.tw/public/Data/662017264471.pdf
行政院主計總處 (2013)。社會指標統計年報。取自http://ebook.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Data/31211154738MKFOK1MR.pdf
行政院國家發展委員會 (2014)。中華民國人口推計 (103至150年) 報告。臺北市：作者。
行政院衛生署國民健康局 (2009)。老人健康促進計畫 (2009～2012)。臺北市：作者。
何應志、李淑玲、傅正思 (2012)。老人肌肉減少症之預防。大專體育，119，62-71。吳易謙、熊昭、陳慶餘、吳名祥、許志成、台灣肌少症轉譯研究團隊成員 (2014)。台灣社區老人肌少症流行病學初探。臺灣醫學，18(3)，290-302。doi:10.6320/fjm.2014.18(3).04
吳柏翰、陳柏翰、陳明宗 (2013) 。全身性振動伸展訓練對女性高齡者功能性體適能之影響。體育學報，46(4)，339-350吳雅汝、周怡君、詹鼎正 (2014)。文獻回顧—肌少症與衰弱症。內科學誌，25(3)，131-136。
吳慧君、陳亮恭 (2013)。中老年人日常身體活動量、血液發炎/抗發炎指標及肌肉減少症之相關研究 (研究報告)。臺北市：中國文化大學。
呂彥萱、陳心怡、唐宜楨、童伊迪 (2014)。老人因病致障於社區照顧介入其生活影響之研究—以中部地區為例。台灣社區工作與社區研究學刊，4(1)，41-82李玲玲，陳妙星，張淑琴、邱郁耘 (2013)。實證老人規律運動衛教指引發展。志為護理-慈濟護理雜誌，12(2)，66-79。
李若屏、黃奕仁、蘇福新、方進隆 (2008)。多元性運動訓練計畫對社區老人DHEA-S和體適能之影響。運動生理暨體能學報，8，69-79。李淑芳、劉淑燕 (2008)。老年人功能性體適能。臺北市：華都文化。
周怡君、張皓翔、詹鼎正 (2014)。肌少症的評估與預後。臺灣醫學，18(3)，303-309 doi:10.6320/fjm.2014.18(3).05
林士絹、黃芳進 (2012)。與生命共舞-高齡者的運動體悟。屏東教大體育，15，464-476。林宜泓 (2012) 。身體功能測試於評估社區老人早期功能衰退之切點值及改良式功能前伸之驗證。未出版碩士論文，中山醫學大學，臺中市。
林宜泓、顏啟華、顧明祥、胡名霞、王靜怡 (2012)。社區老人身體功能表現測試：區分身體失能與無失能者之切點。台灣老年醫學暨老年學雜誌，7(3)，160-174。
林茂榮、王夷暐 (2004)。社區老人跌倒的危險因子與預防。臺灣公共衛生雜誌，23(4)，259-271。林清壽、王文君 (2013)。中高齡者從事規律運動行為意向之研究。運動與健康研究，2 (2)，31-48。林嘉志 (譯) (2012)。ACSM運動測試與運動處方指引。臺北市：易利。 (American College of Sports Medicine，2009)。
林錦蘭、章美英 (2012)。法鼓八式動禪對年長者平衡能力及生活品質影響之探討。中西醫結合護理雜誌，2，15-31。
邱郁耘、林淑緩、張淑琴、李玲玲 (2015)。社區老年人運動持續性之影響因素。護理暨健康照護研究，11(1)，43-52。邱淑媞 (2011)。高齡友善健康照護。醫療品質雜誌，5 (5)，20-24。侯孟次、吳佩穎、林怡貝、張尹凡、陳全裕、官大紳、楊宜青、吳至行 (2011)。偏遠社區老年男性體適能常模與現況分析。台灣老年醫學暨老年學雜誌，6(3)，48-60。
侯欣怡 (2010)。不同世代中老年人成功老化之縱貫性研究。未出版碩士論文，國立陽明大學，臺北市。
唐翔威、林珮欣、鄭惠信、劉栩含、劉守莊、黃美涓 (2008)。台灣地區不同健康狀況社區居住老年人下肢膝伸直肌力和三十秒坐站測試之間的關係。物理治療，33(5)，287-293。
徐慧娟 (2003)。成功老化：老年健康的正向觀點。社區發展季刊，103， 252-260。徐慧娟、張明正 (2004) 。台灣老人成功老化與活躍老化現況：多層次分析。台灣社會福利學刊，3(2)，1- 36。徐錦興、曹德弘 (2009)。骨骼肌減少症 (Sarcopenia) 及肌力訓練對老年人肌肉適能的影響。中華體育季刊，23(2)，20-26。高淑貴、周欣宜 (2008)。 推動在地老化策略之研究─以「建立社區照顧關懷據點計畫」為例。農業推廣文彙，53，35-47。
國民健康署 (2014)。高齡友善城市全臺總動員。新北市：作者。
張少熙 (2015)。高齡者專業運動課程與指導人力之研究。福祉科技與服務管理學刊，3(1)，41-50 doi:10.6283/jocsg.2015.3.1.41張少熙、方怡堯、陳少卿 (2014)。銀髮族愛運動。臺北市：臺北市政府衛生局。
張少熙 (2015)。高齡者全方位運動手冊。臺北市：臺北市政府衛生局。
張少熙、何信弘、方怡堯、詹培明 (2012，12月)。在地老化與健康促進之實施成效-以大同區健康服務中心長青健康活力站為例。以海報形式發表於2012體育運動學術團體聯合年會暨學術研討會，臺北市：國立臺灣師範大學。
張淑芳 (2014)。老年肌少症之診斷與治療。護理雜誌，61(2)，101-105。張智惠 (2004)。阻力訓練對老年人肌肉減少症的正面效應。中華體育季刊，18(3)，55-63。張棋興、梁忠詔、林春香、魏于鈞、徐瑋璟、陳家慶 (2013)。物理治療介入社區照顧關懷據點活動對老人體能活動表現、平衡能力及走路能力之成效。物理治療，38(3)，201-209。
張棋興、梁忠詔、劉翊勳、陳家慶 (2014) 。手握式測力器於台灣東部原住民女性老年人肌力之再測信度－以花蓮縣秀林鄉某社區部落為例。物理治療，39(2)，74-84。
張曉雲、林雅萍、鄭伊萍、林淑惠 (2011)。太極於改善社區老人平衡感、下肢肌力及關節活動成效之整合性回顧。澳門護理雜誌，10(2)，48-52。
張靜怡、黎家銘、陳晶瑩、林莉茹、黃國晉、許志成、陳慶餘 (2013)。臺北市老人衰弱症篩檢試辦計畫。台北市醫師公會會刊，57(2)，14-17。
教育部 (2013)。樂齡運動休閒健身與保健：樂齡學習教材。臺北市：作者。
教育部體育署 (2012)。中華民國101年運動城市調查。臺北市:作者。
教育部體育署 (2013)。中華民國102年運動城市調查。臺北市:作者。
教育部體育署 (2014)。中華民國103年運動城市調查。臺北市: 作者。
章宏智、程瑞福 (2012)。從生態觀點探討兒童規律運動行為的養成。教師專業研究期刊，3，1-13。
許毓珈、林麗娟、汪翠瀅、黃上真、吳蕙雯 (2013)。社區型團體運動對社區中老年人身心功能之影響。臺灣職能治療研究與實務雜誌，9 (1)，16-27。郭世傑、古博文、周碧瑟 (2014)。中年及老年人閒暇時間身體活動的改變對全因死亡率之影響。大專體育學刊，16(2)，250-260。郭哲君、鄭志富 (2012) 。生活積極承諾之成功老化與幸福感－中高齡者體育志願服務實證研究。體育學報，45(3)，211-225。陳孟鈺、林麗娟、林泰祐、羅詩文、謝閔繐、蔡岳璋、沈彥廷 (2014)。不同運動訓練類型對中老年人骨質密度暨等速肌力之影響。體育學報，47(4)，503-516。陳亮恭 (2012)。最高肌密。臺北市：大塊文化。
陳家慶、林春香、陳俐君、魏于鈞、蕭蓉、林南岳、梁忠詔 (2010)。復健運動對於改善社區骨關節炎及中風老人身體功能之成效：前驅研究。台灣復健醫學雜誌，38(2)，97-105。
陳慈安、吳英黛、李明濱、梁庚辰、林克能、蔡美文 (2009)。運動訓練對社區老人憂鬱症狀、生活功能和生活品質的效果。物理治療，34 (3)，209-218。
陳詩婷 (2013)。台灣推動高齡友善城市刻不容緩。健康世界，326，33-38。
陳慧君、黃素華、鄭金寶、楊榮森 (2015)。年老衰弱症的營養處置。臺灣醫學，19(5)，534-541。doi:10.6320/fjm.2015.19(5).12
陳慶餘 (2015)。臺灣年老衰弱症的研究與應用。長期照護雜誌，19(2)，137-148 doi:10.6317/ltc.19.137
陳麗光、鄭鈺靜、周昀臻、林沛瑾、陳麗幸、陳洳軒 (2011)。成功老化的多元樣貌。台灣老年學論壇，9，1-12。
曾中明 (2006)。台灣老人福利概況及政策展望。台灣老年醫學雜誌，1 (3)，112-121。
黃弘欽 (2015)。城鄉高齡者認知環境、身體活動與久坐行為之研究。未出版碩士論文，國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
黃泰諭、方進隆 (2010)。八週太極拳訓練對老年女性下肢肌力與平衡表現之影響。體育學報，43 (1)，23-36。黃富順、楊國德 (2013)。高齡學。臺北：五南。
黃筱棻 (2012)。高齡者在臺北市運動中心休閒運動參與及設施需求之研究。未出版碩士論文，國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
楊書響、王子娟、陳宏儒 (2009) 。手握式測力器對健康受試者下肢肌力之信度研究。物理治療，34(3)，194-200。
溫蕙甄、陳忠慶 (2012)。12 週團體有氧阻力及瑜珈阻力運動介入對停經後婦女功能性體適能、生活品質之影響。運動生理暨體能學報，14，35-48。廖南凱、游進達 (2012)。城市與鄉村老年人健康狀況、運動行為與健康生活品質差異之研究。亞洲高齡健康休閒及教育學刊，1 (1)，26-39。
臺北市政府衛生局 (2014)。臺北市高齡者健康行為調查。臺北市：作者。
劉永琦 (2013)。以芬蘭經驗檢視臺灣高齡者運動健康促進活動之研究。未出版碩士論文，國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
劉永琦、方怡堯、張少熙 (2012年12月)。專責機構在運動推廣之重要性─以芬蘭高齡者運動為例。2012體育運動學術團體聯合年會暨學術研討會，臺北市：國立臺灣師範大學。
劉宏鈺、吳明儒、吳曉君 (2012)。社區高齡者學習與健康關係之評析：以嘉義縣長青活力站為例。台灣社區工作與社區研究學刊，2 (2)，123-162。劉鳳琴 (2011)。專利編號CN201937666 U。上海：上海華勤通訊技術有限公司。
蔡存維、郭彥宇、蔡櫻蘭 (2011)。團體伸展訓練課程對長期照護機構高齡者功能性體適能的影響。大專體育學刊，13(4)，111-118。蔡宜蓉、張玲慧、毛慧芬(譯) (2012)。老人職能治療學。臺北市：華騰。 (Sandra C Lewis，2003)
蔡英美、郭慈安、王俊明 (2012)。老年人生活型態、運動參與程度與功能性體適能之研究。運動與健康研究，2 (1)，25-49。
衛生福利部 (2011)。健康體能相關實證文獻。臺北市：作者。
衛生福利部 (2013)。友善關懷老人服務方案第二期計畫 (核定本)。取自http://sfaa.gov.tw/u/cms/www/201312/161402180ton.pdf
衛生福利部 (2014a)。民國102年健康行為危險因子監測系統。取自https://olap.hpa.gov.tw/search/ListHealth1.aspx?menu=1&mode=16&year=100
衛生福利部 (2014b)。102老人狀況調查報告。臺北市：作者。
錢桂玉、甘乃文、林雅麗 (2012)。水中運動訓練對中老年人健康之效益。運動生理暨體能學報，14，11-21。韓岳津 (2007) 。老年人六分鐘行走測試與下肢神經肌肉系統之相關性-膝關節本體感覺、單腳站立平衡、踝關節肌力、膝關節肌力及耐力。未出版碩士論文，國立臺灣大學，臺北市。
羅玉岱、劉淑玲、潘輝民 (2009)。某醫院五週整合式運動課程對中高齡民眾體適能之影響。臺灣家庭醫學雜誌，19 (4)，203-212。
嚴嘉楓、紀彣宙、周正修 (2015)。肌少症之流行病學及健康促進介入之探討。身心障礙研究季刊，13(1)，9-25。
蘇蕙芬 (2013)。高齡者衰弱程度對運動介入效果之影響。休閒運動保健學報，5，76-100。
蘇蕙芬、蔡永川 (2013)。運動介入對高齡者功能性體適能影響之研究。社會服務與休閒產業研究，2，71-88。
二、外文
Adams, M. A., Hovell, M. F., Irvin, V., Sallis, J. F., Coleman, K. J., & Liles, S. (2006). Promoting stair use by modeling: An experimental application of the behavioral ecological model. American Journal of Health Promotion, 21 (2), 101-109.
Adelman, R. D., Greene, M. G., Friedmann, E., Ory, M. G., & Snow, C. E. (2011). Older patient-physician discussions about exercise. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 19 (3), 225-238.
American College of Sports Medicine (2009). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(3), 687.
Aniansson, A., Rundgren, A., & Sperling, L. (1979). Evaluation of functional capacity in activities of daily living in 70-year-old men and women. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 12(4), 145-154.
Aragao, F. R., Abrantes, C. G., Gabriel, R. E., Sousa, M. F., Castelo-Branco, C., & Moreira, M. H. (2014). Effects of a 12-month multi-component exercise program on the body composition of postmenopausal women. Climacteric, 17(2), 155-163.
Arteaga, S. S., Loria, C. M., Crawford, P. B., Fawcett, S. B., Fishbein, H. A., Gregoriou, M., . . . Ritchie, L. D. (2015). The healthy communities study: Its rationale, aims, and approach. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 49(4), 615-623.
Auyeung, T. W., Lee, S. W. J., Leung, J., Kwok, T., & Woo, J. (2014). Age-associated decline of muscle mass, grip strength and gait speed: A 4-year longitudinal study of 3018 community-dwelling older Chinese. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 14 Suppl 1, 76-84. doi:10.1111/ggi.12213
Baker, G., Gray, S. R., Wright, A., Fitzsimons, C., Nimmo, M., Lowry, R., & Mutrie, N. (2008). The effect of a pedometer-based community walking intervention. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5 (1), 44.
Baker, M. K., Atlantis, E., & Singh, M. A. F. (2007). Multi-modal exercise programs for older adults. Age and Ageing, 36 (4), 375-381.
Baltes, P. B., Baltes, M. M., & Baltes, P. (1990). Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation. Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences, 1, 1-34.
Barouki, R., Gluckman, P. D., Grandjean, P., Hanson, M., & Heindel, J. J. (2012). Developmental origins of non-communicable disease: Implications for research and public health. Environmental health, 11(42), 10.1186.
Baumgartner, R. N., Koehler, K. M., Gallagher, D., Romero, L., Heymsfield, S. B., Ross, R. R., . . . Lindeman, R. D. (1998). Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. American Journal of Epidemiology, 147(8), 755-763.
Beaudart, C., Reginster, J. Y., Petermans, J., Gillain, S., Quabron, A., Locquet, M., . . . Bruyère, O. (2015a). Quality of life and physical components linked to sarcopenia: The SarcoPhAge study. Experimental Gerontology, 69, 103-110. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2015.05.003
Beaudart, C., Reginster, J. Y., Slomian, J., Buckinx, F., Dardenne, N., Quabron, A., . . . Bruyère, O. (2015b). Estimation of sarcopenia prevalence using various assessment tools. Experimental Gerontology, 61, 31-37. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2014.11.014
Beaudart, C., Rizzoli, R., Bruyère, O., Reginster, J.-Y., & Biver, E. (2014). Sarcopenia: burden and challenges for public health. Archives of Public Health, 72(1), 45.
Belardinelli, R., Georgiou, D., Cianci, G., & Purcaro, A. (1999). Randomized, controlled trial of long-term moderate exercise training in chronic heart failure effects on functional capacity, quality of life, and clinical outcome. Circulation, 99(9), 1173-1182.
Belsky, D. W., Caspi, A., Houts, R., Cohen, H. J., Corcoran, D. L., Danese, A., . . . Schaefer, J. D. (2015). Quantification of biological aging in young adults. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(30), E4104-E4110.
Belza, B., Walwick, J., Schwartz, S., LoGerfo, J., Shiu-Thornton, S., & Taylor, M. (2004). Peer reviewed: Older adult perspectives on physical activity and exercise: Voices from multiple cultures. Preventing Chronic Disease, 1(4).
Bhattacharya, P. K., Deka, K., & Roy, A. (2016). Assessment of inter-rater variability of the Senior Fitness Test in the geriatric population: A community based study. International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research, 7(5), 208-212
Bird, M., Hill, K. D., Ball, M., Hetherington, S., & Williams, A. D. (2011). The long-term benefits of a multi-component exercise intervention to balance and mobility in healthy older adults. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 52 (2), 211-216.
Bohannon, R. W. (2006). Reference values for the timed up and go test: a descriptive meta‐analysis. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy, 29(2), 64-68. Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/jgpt/Fulltext/2006/08000/Reference_Values_for_the_Timed_Up_and_Go_Test__A.4.aspxBookman, A. (2008). Innovative models of aging in place: Transforming our communities for an aging population. Community, Work & Family, 11(4), 419-438.
Borg, G. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 14, 377-381.
Borst, S. E. (2004). Interventions for sarcopenia and muscle weakness in older people. Age and Ageing, 33(6), 548-555. doi:10.1093/ageing/afh201
Bowling, A. (1993). The concepts of successful and positive ageing. Family Practice, 10(4), 449-453.
Cacari-Stone, L., Wallerstein, N., Garcia, A. P., & Minkler, M. (2014). The promise of community-based participatory research for health equity: a conceptual model for bridging evidence with policy. American Journal of Public Health, 104(9), 1615-1623.
Campbell, A. J., Robertson, M. C., Gardner, M. M., Norton, R. N., Tilyard, M. W., & Buchner, D. M. (1997). Randomised controlled trial of a general practice programme of home based exercise to prevent falls in elderly women. British Medical Journal, 315 (7115), 1065-1069.
Cao, M. J., Guo, X. L., Yu, H., Chen, L. Y., & McDonald, T. A. (2014). Chinese community-dwelling elders' needs: Promoting ageing in place. International Nursing Review, 61(3), 327-335. doi:10.1111/inr.12119
Cao, Z. B., Maeda, A., Shima, N., Kurata, H., & Nishizono, H. (2007). The effect of a 12-week combined exercise intervention program on physical performance and gait kinematics in community-dwelling elderly women. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 26 (3), 325-332.
Carr, D., & Springer, K. W. (2010). Advances in families and health research in the 21st century. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(3), 743-761. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00728.x
Carstensen, L. L., Turan, B., Scheibe, S., Ram, N., Ersner-Hershfield, H., Samanez-Larkin, G. R., . . . Nesselroade, J. R. (2011). Emotional experience improves with age: Evidence based on over 10 years of experience sampling. Psychology and Aging, 26(1), 21.
Cawthon, P. M., Fox, K. M., Gandra, S. R., Delmonico, M. J., Chiou, C. F., Anthony, M. S., . . . Cummings, S. R. (2009). Do muscle mass, muscle density, strength, and physical function similarly influence risk of hospitalization in older adults? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 57(8), 1411-1419.
Cecchini, M., Sassi, F., Lauer, J. A., Lee, Y. Y., Guajardo-Barron, V., & Chisholm, D. (2010). Tackling of unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and obesity: Health effects and cost-effectiveness. The Lancet, 376(9754), 1775-1784. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61514-0
Central Intelligence Agency (2015). CIA World Factbook. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tw.html
Charbonneau-Lyons, D. L. (2002). Opinions of colleges students and independentliving adults regarding successful aging. Educational Gerontology, 28, 823-833.
Chen, C.-Y., Wu, S.-C., Chen, L.-J., & Lue, B.-H. (2010). The prevalence of subjective frailty and factors associated with frailty in Taiwan. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 50, S43-S47.
Chen, L.-K., Liu, L.-K., Woo, J., Assantachai, P., Auyeung, T.-W., Bahyah, K. S., . . . Arai, H. (2014). Sarcopenia in asia: Consensus report of the asian working group for sarcopenia. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 15(2), 95-101. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2013.11.025
Chiu, Y.-Y., Lin, S.-S., Chang, S.-C., & Lee, L.-L. (2015). Predictors of exercise maintenance behaviour in community-dwelling older people. Journal of Nursing & Healthcare Research, 11(1).
Chodzko-Zajko, W. (2013). Acsm's exercise for older adults. MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Chodzko-Zajko, W. J., Proctor, D. N., Fiatarone Singh, M. A., Minson, C. T., Nigg, C. R., Salem, G. J., & Skinner, J. S. (2009). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41(7), 1510-1530. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a0c95c
Chodzko-Zajko, W., Schwingel, A., & Park, C. H. (2009). Successful aging: the role of physical activity. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 3(1), 20-28.
Chou, K.-L., & Chi, I. (2002). Successful aging among the young-old, old-old, and oldest-old Chinese. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 54(1), 1-14
Chung, J.-Y., Kang, H.-T., Lee, D.-C., Lee, H.-R., & Lee, Y.-J. (2013). Body composition and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors in the elderly: A focus on sarcopenic obesity. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 56(1), 270-278. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2012.09.007
Clark, H. (2013). Towards a more robust investment framework for health. The Lancet, 382(9908), e36-e37. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62335-1
Clegg, A., Young, J., Iliffe, S., Rikkert, M. O., & Rockwood, K. (2013). Frailty in elderly people. The Lancet, 381(9868), 752-762.
Correa, C. S., Cunha, G., Marques, N., Oliveira‐Reischak, Ã., & Pinto, R. (2015). Effects of strength training, detraining and retraining in muscle strength, hypertrophy and functional tasks in older female adults. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, Epub ahead of print. doi: doi: 10.1111/cpf.12230.
Cress, M., Buchner, D., Prohaska, T., Rimmer, J., Brown, M., Macera, C., . . . Chodzko-Zajko, W. (2006). Best practices for physical activity programs and behavior counseling in older adult populations. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 3(1), 34-42.
Cress, M.E., Buchner, D.M., Questad, K.A., Esselman, P.C. deLateur, B.J., & Schwartz, R.S. (1999). Exercise: effects on physical functional performance in independent older adults. The Journal of Gerontogy, 54(5), 242-248.
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Baeyens, J. P., Bauer, J. M., Boirie, Y., Cederholm, T., Landi, F., . . . Zamboni, M. (2010). Sarcopenia: european consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the european working group on sarcopenia in older people. Age and Ageing, 39(4), 412-423. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afq034
Dam, T.-T., Peters, K. W., Fragala, M., Cawthon, P. M., Harris, T. B., McLean, R., . . . Ferrucci, L. (2014). An evidence-based comparison of operational criteria for the presence of sarcopenia. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 69(5), 584-590.
Daniels, R., van Rossum, E., de Witte, L., Kempen, G. I., & van den Heuvel, W. (2008). Interventions to prevent disability in frail community-dwelling elderly: a systematic review. BMC Health Services Research, 8(1), 1-8. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-8-278
Danneskiold-Samsøe, B., Kofod, V., Munter, J., Grimby, G., Schnohr, P., & Jensen, G. (1984). Muscle strength and functional capacity in 78–81-year-old men and women. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 52(3), 310-314.
de Vries, N. M., van Ravensberg, C. D., Hobbelen, J. S. M., Olde Rikkert, M. G. M., Staal, J. B., & Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M. W. G. (2012). Effects of physical exercise therapy on mobility, physical functioning, physical activity and quality of life in community-dwelling older adults with impaired mobility, physical disability and/or multi-morbidity: A meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews, 11(1), 136-149. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2011.11.002
Dodds, R., & Sayer, A. A. (2015). Sarcopenia and frailty: New challenges for clinical practice. Clinical Medicine, 15(Suppl 6), s88-s91. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.15-6-s88
Doherty, T. J. (2003). Invited review: Aging and sarcopenia. Journal of Applied Physiology (1985), 95(4), 1717-1727. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00347.2003
Duncan, R. P., Cavanaugh, J. T., Earhart, G. M., Ellis, T. D., Ford, M. P., Foreman, K. B., . . . Dibble, L. E. (2015). External validation of a simple clinical tool used to predict falls in people with Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 21(8), 960-963. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.05.008
Elsawy, Bassem, Higgins, & Kim. (2010). Physical activity guidelines for older adults. American Family Physician, 81(1), 55-59.
Elvik, R. (2001). Area-wide urban traffic calming schemes: A meta-analysis of safety effects. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 33 (3), 327-336.
Fang, I. Y., Chang, S. H., Cheng, H. P., & Hsueh, M. C. (2013, Jun). A study on the analysis of older adults' exercise participation in Taiwan [Abstract]. The 20th IAGG World Congress of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Seoul, Korea. Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging vol 17, supplement 1.
Fatouros, I. G., Kambas, A., Katrabasas, I., Leontsini, D., Chatzinikolaou, A., Jamurtas, A. Z., . . . Taxildaris, K. (2006). Resistance training and detraining effects on flexibility performance in the elderly are intensity-dependent. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(3), 634-642. doi:10.1519/r-17615.1
Faulkner, J. A., Larkin, L. M., Claflin, D. R., & Brooks, S. V. (2007). Age-related changes in the structure and function of skeletal muscles. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 34(11), 1091-1096. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04752.x
Fei, S., Norman, I. J., & While, A. E. (2013). Physical activity in older people: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 1-17. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-449
Fielding, R. A., Vellas, B., Evans, W. J., Bhasin, S., Morley, J. E., Newman, A. B., . . . Breuille, D. (2011). Sarcopenia: An undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: Prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 12(4), 249-256.
Finkelstein, L., Truxillo, D., Fraccaroli, F., & Kanfer, R. (2015). Facing the challenges of a multi-age workforce: A use-inspired approach. NY: Routledge.
Foley, A., Hillier, S., & Barnard, R. (2011). Effectiveness of once-weekly gym-based exercise programmes for older adults post discharge from day rehabilitation: A randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(12), 978-986. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.063966
Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., Newman, A. B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., . . . Burke, G. (2001). Frailty in older adults evidence for a phenotype. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 56(3), M146-M157.
Frontera, W. R., Hughes, V. A., Fielding, R. A., Fiatarone, M. A., Evans, W. J., & Roubenoff, R. (2000). Aging of skeletal muscle: A 12-yr longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Physiology, 88(4), 1321-1326.
Gao, L., Jiang, J., Yang, M., Hao, Q., Luo, L., & Dong, B. (2015). Prevalence of sarcopenia and associated factors in chinese community-dwelling elderly: Comparison between rural and urban areas. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 16(11), 1003. e1001-1003. e1006.
Garber, C. E., Blissmer, B., Deschenes, M. R., Franklin, B. A., Lamonte, M. J., Lee, I.-M., . . . Swain, D. P. (2011). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: Guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine and Science In Sports and Exercise, 43(7), 1334-1359.
Gianoudis, J., Bailey, C. A., Ebeling, P. R., Nowson, C. A., Sanders, K. M., Hill, K., & Daly, R. M. (2014). Effects of a targeted multimodal exercise program incorporating high‐speed power training on falls and fracture risk factors in older adults: A community‐based randomized controlled trial. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 29(1), 182-191.
Gielen, S., Schuler, G., & Adams, V. (2010). Cardiovascular effects of exercise training molecular mechanisms. Circulation, 122(12), 1221-1238.
Glass, T. A. (2003). Assessing the success of successful aging. Annals of Internal Medicine, 139(5_Part_1), 382-383.
Gobbens, R. J., Luijkx, K. G., Wijnen-Sponselee, M. T., & Schols, J. M. (2010). Toward a conceptual definition of frail community dwelling older people.Nursing outlook, 58(2), 76-86.
Goisser, S., Kemmler, W., Porzel, S., Volkert, D., Sieber, C. C., Bollheimer, L. C., & Freiberger, E. (2015). Sarcopenic obesity and complex interventions with nutrition and exercise in community-dwelling older persons–a narrative review. Journal of Clinical Interventions in Aging, 10, 1267.
Gothe, N. P., Wójcicki, T. R., Olson, E. A., Fanning, J., Awick, E., Chung, H. D., . . . McAuley, E. (2015). Physical activity levels and patterns in older adults: The influence of a DVD-based exercise program. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 38(1), 91-97.
Graybill, E. M., McMeekin, P., & Wildman, J. (2014). Can aging in place be cost effective? A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 9(7), 1-6. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102705
Gschwind, Y. J., Kressig, R. W., Lacroix, A., Muehlbauer, T., Pfenninger, B., & Granacher, U. (2013). A best practice fall prevention exercise program to improve balance, strength/power, and psychosocial health in older adults: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatrics, 13(1), 105.
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., . . . Wallace, R. B. (1994). A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: Association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. Journal of Gerontology, 49(2), M85-M94.
Hallal, P. C., Andersen, L. B., Bull, F. C., Guthold, R., Haskell, W., Ekelund, U., & Group, L. P. A. S. W. (2012a). Global physical activity levels: Surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. The Lancet, 380(9838), 247-257.
Hallal, P. C., E., B. A., Heath, G. W., Kohl 3rd, H. W., Lee, I. M., & Pratt, M. (2012b). Physical activity: More of the same is not enough. The Lancet, 380(9838), 190-191. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61027-7
Harris, T., Kovar, M. G., Suzman, R., Kleinman, J. C., & Feldman, J. J. (1989). Longitudinal study of physical ability in the oldest-old. American Journal of Public Health, 79(6), 698-702.
Havighurst, R. J. (1963). Successful aging. Processes of Aging: Social and Psychological Perspectives, 1, 299-320.
Heath, G. W., Parra, D. C., Sarmiento, O. L., Andersen, L. B., Owen, N., Goenka, S., . . . Group, L. P. A. S. W. (2012). Evidence-based intervention in physical activity: Lessons from around the world. The Lancet, 380(9838), 272-281.
Heyward, V. H., & Gibson, A. (2014). Advanced fitness assessment and exercise prescription (7th ed) .IL: Human kinetics.
Hlatky, M. A., Boineau, R. E., Higginbotham, M. B., Lee, K. L., Mark, D. B., Califf, R. M., . . . Pryor, D. B. (1989). A brief self-administered questionnaire to determine functional capacity (the Duke Activity Status Index). American Journal of Cardiology, 64(10), 651-654.
Holland, G. J., Tanaka, K., Shigematsu, R., & Nakagaichi, M. (2002). Flexibility and physical functions of older adults: a review. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 10(2), 169-206.
Hooker, S. P., William, M. D., Seavey, M., Weidmer, C. E., Harvey, D. J., Stewart, A. L., Gillis, D. E., King, A. C. (2005). The California active aging community grant program: Translating science into practice to promote physical activity in older adults. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 29 (3), 155-165.
Hooyman, N. R. (2010). Aging: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide. NY: Oxford University Press.
Hopman-Rock, M., & Westhoff, M. H. (2002). Development and evaluation of" aging well and healthily": A health-education and exercise program for community-living older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 10(4), 364-381.
Howe, T. E., Rochester, L., Jackson, A., Banks, P. M., & Blair, V. A. (2007). Exercise for improving balance in older people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, CD004963. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004963.pub2
Jagger, C., Gillies, C., Moscone, F., Cambois, E., Van Oyen, H., Nusselder, W., & Robine, J.-M. (2009). Inequalities in healthy life years in the 25 countries of the European Union in 2005: A cross-national meta-regression analysis. The Lancet, 372(9656), 2124-2131.
Jones, C. J., & Rikli, R. E. (2002). Measuring functional. The Journal on Active Aging, 1, 24-30.
June, P. (2009). The built environment: Designing communities to promote physical activity in children. Pediatrics, 123 (6), 1591-1598.
Karinkanta, S., Heinonen, A., Sievänen, H., Uusi-Rasi, K., Pasanen, M., Ojala, K., Kannus, P. (2007). A multi-component exercise regimen to prevent functional decline and bone fragility in home-dwelling elderly women: Randomized, controlled trial. Osteoporosis International, 18 (4), 453-462.
Katzmarzyk, P. T., Dentro, K., Beals, K., Crouter, S., Joey C. Eisenmann, McKenzie, T. L., Spruijt-Metz, D. (2014). The 2014 United States report card on physical activity forchildren & youth national physical activity. SC: National Physical Activity Plan Alliane.
Kerr, J., Rosenberg, D. E., Nathan, A., Millstein, R. A., Carlson, J. A., Crist, K., Buchner, D. M. (2012). Applying the ecological model of behavior change to a physical activity trial in retirement communities: Description of the study protocol.Contemporary Clinical trials, 33 (6), 1180-1188.
Khan, K. M., Thompson, A. M., Blair, S. N., Sallis, J. F., Powell, K. E., Bull, F. C., & Bauman, A. E. (2012). Sport and exercise as contributors to the health of nations. The Lancet, 380(9836), 59-64. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60865-4
Kim, H., Suzuki, T., Kim, M., Kojima, N., Yoshida, Y., Hirano, H., . . . Yoshida, H. (2015). Incidence and predictors of sarcopenia onset in community-dwelling elderly Japanese women: 4-year follow-up study. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 16(1), 85.e81-85.e88. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2014.10.006
Kohl 3rd, H. W., Craig, C. L., Lambert, E. V., Inoue, S., Alkandari, J. R., Leetongin, G., & Kahlmeier, S. (2012). The pandemic of physical inactivity: Global action for public health. The Lancet, 380(9838), 294-305. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60898-8
Kolbe-Alexander, T. L., Lambert, E. V., & Charlton, K. E. (2006). Effectiveness of a community based low intensity exercise program for older adults. The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 10 (1) , 21-29.
Kovács, É., Sztruhár Jónásné, I., Karóczi, C., Korpos, A., & Gondos, T. (2013). Effects of a multimodal exercise program on balance, functional mobility and fall risk in older adults with cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled single-blind study.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 49(5), 639-648.
Kukuljan, S., Nowson, C. A., Bass, S. L., Sanders, K., Nicholson, G. C., Seibel, M. J., . . . Daly, R. M. (2009). Effects of a multi-component exercise program and calcium–vitamin-D3-fortified milk on bone mineral density in older men: a randomised controlled trial. Osteoporosis International, 20(7), 1241-1251. doi:10.1007/s00198-008-0776-y
Kwon, Y., Park, S., Kim, E., & Park, J. (2008). The effects of multi-component exercise training on (V)over-dot-O(2)max, muscle mass, whole bone mineral density and fall risk in community-dwelling elderly women. Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 57 (3), 339-348.
Lainscak, M., von Haehling, S., & Anker, S. D. (2016). PURE muscle and more. International Journal of Cardiology, 202, 446-447. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.09.121
Landi, F., Liperoti, R., Russo, A., Giovannini, S., Tosato, M., Capoluongo, E., . . . Onder, G. (2012). Sarcopenia as a risk factor for falls in elderly individuals: Results from the ilSIRENTE study. Clinical Nutrition, 31(5), 652-658. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2012.02.007
Lau, E. M. C., Lynn, H. S. H., Woo, J. W., Kwok, T. C. Y., & Melton Iii, L. J. (2005). Prevalence of and risk factors for sarcopenia in elderly Chinese men and women. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences, 60A(2), 213-216.
Lee L. L, Arthur A, & Avis M. (2007). Evaluating a community-based walking intervention for hypertensive older people in Taiwan: A randomized controlled trial. Preventive Medicine, 44 (2),160-166.
Lee, I. M., Shiroma, E. J., Lobelo, F., Puska, P., Blair, S. N., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2012). Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. The Lancet, 380(9838), 219-229. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9
Leong, D. P., & Teo, K. K. (2015). Predicting cardiovascular disease from handgrip strength: The potential clinical implications. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 13(12), 1277-1279. doi: 10.1586/14779072.2015.1101342
Leong, D. P., Teo, K. K., Rangarajan, S., Lopez-Jaramillo, P., Avezum, A., Jr., Orlandini, A., . . . Yusuf, S. (2015). Prognostic value of grip strength: findings from the prospective urban rural epidemiology (PURE) study. The Lancet, 386(9990), 266-273. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62000-6
Levy, S. S., Macera, C. A., Hootman, J. M., Coleman, K. J., Lopez, R., Nichols, J. F., Ainsworth, Barbara A., & Ji, M. (2012). Evaluation of a multi-component group exercise program for adults with arthritis: Fitness and exercise for people with arthritis (FEPA). Disability and Health Journal, 5(4), 305-311.
Lewis, S. C. (2003). Elder care in occupational therapy (2nd Ed.). NJ: Slack Incorporated.
Liisamaria, K., & Jyrki, K. (2011). Fit for Life Program, Finland. Retrieved from Jyväskylä: http://www.sportscience.fi/Sport%20Science%20in%20Finland/Main%20projects/fit-life-kunnossa-kaiken-ikaa
Limpawattana, P., Kotruchin, P., & Pongchaiyakul, C. (2015). Sarcopenia in Asia. Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia, 1(2), 92-97.
Ling, C. H. Y., Taekema, D., de Craen, A. J. M., Gussekloo, J., Westendorp, R. G. J., & Maier, A. B. (2010). Handgrip strength and mortality in the oldest old population: The Leiden 85-plus study. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 182(5), 429-435. doi:10.1503/cmaj.091278
Lintilä, M., & Pyykkönen, T. (2008). Liikkuva ja hyvinvoiva Suomi 2010-luvulla. (Physical activity and well-being in Finland in the 2010s. A proposal for a national programme for sport and physical activity in view of public steering) .Retrieved from Finland: http://www.minedu.fi/export/sites/default/OPM/Julkaisut/2008/liitteet/tr14.pdf?lang=en
Liu, C., Leng, X., Hsu, F. C., Kritchevsky, S. B., Ding, J., Earnest, C. P., . . . Fielding, R. A. (2014). The impact of sarcopenia on a physical activity intervention: The lifestyle interventions and independence for elders pilot study (LIFE-P). Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 18(1), 59-64. doi:10.1007/s12603-013-0369-0
Liu, L.-K., Lee, W.-J., Liu, C.-L., Chen, L.-Y., Lin, M.-H., Peng, L.-N., & Chen, L.-K. (2013). Age-related skeletal muscle mass loss and physical performance in Taiwan: Implications to diagnostic strategy of sarcopenia in Asia. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 13(4), 964-971. doi:10.1111/ggi.12040
Lord, J., Duggal, N., Pollock, R., Lazarus, N., & Harridge, S. (2015). Ageing in humans: separating intrinsic ageing from lifestyle effects. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 16(Suppl 1), S9. Retrieved from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2474/16/S1/S9
Malmstrom, T. K., Miller, D. K., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., & Morley, J. E. (2016). SARC-F: a symptom score to predict persons with sarcopenia at risk for poor functional outcomes. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 7, 28-36.
Maltais, M. L., Ladouceur, J. P., & Dionne, I. J. (2016). The effect of resistance training and different sources of postexercise protein supplementation on muscle mass and physical capacity in sarcopenic elderly men. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(6), 1680-1687.
Mandel, D. R. (1999). Lifestyle redesign: Implementing the well elderly program (1st ed.) MD: Amer occupational therapy assn.
Martien, S., Delecluse, C., Boen, F., Seghers, J., Pelssers, J., Van Hoecke, A.-S., & Van Roie, E. (2015). Is knee extension strength a better predictor of functional performance than handgrip strength among older adults in three different settings? Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 60(2), 252-258. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2014.11.010
Martinez-Gomez, D., Guallar-Castillón, P., Hallal, P. C., Lopez-Garcia, E., & Rodríguez-Artalejo, F. (2015). Nonexercise cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality in older adults. Medicine & science in sports & exercise, 47(3), 568-574.
McCormack, G. R., Giles-Corti, B., Timperio, A., Wood, G., & Villanueva, K. (2011). A cross-sectional study of the individual, social, and built environmental correlates of pedometer-based physical activity among elementary school children. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activtity, 12 (8), 30.
McLaughlin, S. J., Connell, C. M., Heeringa, S. G., Li, L. W., & Roberts, J. S. (2010). Successful aging in the United States: Prevalence estimates from a national sample of older adults. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 65B(2), 216–226.
McLean, R. R., Shardell, M. D., Alley, D. E., Cawthon, P. M., Fragala, M. S., Harris, T. B., . . . Dam, T.-T. L. (2014). Criteria for clinically relevant weakness and low lean mass and their longitudinal association with incident mobility impairment and mortality: The foundation for the national institutes of health (FNIH) sarcopenia project. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 69(5), 576-583. doi:10.1093/gerona/glu012
Melton, L. r., Khosla, S., Crowson, C. S., O'Connor, M. K., O'Fallon, W. M., & Riggs, B. L. (2000). Epidemiology of sarcopenia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 48, 625-630.
Meng, N.-H., Li, C.-I., Liu, C.-S., Lin, W.-Y., Lin, C.-H., Chang, C.-K., . . . Lin, C.-C. (2015). Sarcopenia Defined by Combining Height-and Weight-Adjusted Skeletal Muscle Indices is Closely Associated with Poor Physical Performance. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 23(4), 597-606.
Metter, E. J., Talbot, L. A., Schrager, M., & Conwit, R. (2002). Skeletal muscle strength as a predictor of all-cause mortality in healthy men. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 57(10), B359-B365. doi:10.1093/gerona/57.10.B359
Moore, K., McGowan, M., Kollipara, S., & Roubideaux, Y. (2009). Community resources for promoting youth nutrition and physical activity. American Journal of Health Education, 40 (5), 298-303.
Morley, J. (2008). Sarcopenia: Diagnosis and treatment. The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 12(7), 452-456.
Morley, J. E., Abbatecola, A. M., Argiles, J. M., Baracos, V., Bauer, J., Bhasin, S., . . . Anker, S. D. (2011). Sarcopenia with limited mobility: an international consensus. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 12(6), 403-409. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2011.04.014
Murtagh, E. M., Nichols, L., Mohammed, M. A., Holder, R., Nevill, A. M., & Murphy, M. H. (2014). Walking to improve cardiovascular health: a meta-analysis of randomised control trials. The Lancet, 384, Supplement 2, S54. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62180-2
Muscaritoli, M., Anker, S., Argiles, J., Aversa, Z., Bauer, J., Biolo, G., . . . Costelli, P. (2010). Consensus definition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia: Joint document elaborated by special interest groups (SIG) “cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases” and “nutrition in geriatrics”. Clinical Nutrition, 29(2), 154-159.
National institute on aging. (2013). Exercise & physical activity: your everyday guide from the National Institute on Aging. MD: Author.
Nelson, M. E., Rejeski, W. J., Blair, S. N., Duncan, P. W., Judge, J. O., King, A. C., & Castaneda-Sceppa, C. (2007). Physical activity and public health in older adults: Recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation, 116 (9), 1094.
Nero, H., Wallén, M. B., Franzén, E., Ståhle, A., & Hagströmer, M. (2015). Accelerometer cut points for physical activity assessment of older adults with Parkinson’s disease. PLoS ONE, 10(9), e0135899.
Nimrod,G., & Kleiber, D. A. (2007). Reconsidering change and continuity in later life: Toward an innovation theory of successful aging. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 65(1), 1–22.
Norman, K., Stobäus, N., Gonzalez, M. C., Schulzke, J.-D., & Pirlich, M. (2011). Hand grip strength: Outcome predictor and marker of nutritional status. Clinical Nutrition, 30(2), 135-142. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2010.09.010
Norris, K. T. (1922). Certain People of Importance. MT: Kessinger Publishing.
Pate, R. R., Pratt, M., Blair, S. N., Haskell, W. L., Macera, C. A., Bouchard, C., & King, A. C. (1995). Physical activity and public health: A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association, 273 (5), 402-407.
Patel, H. P., Syddall, H. E., Jameson, K., Robinson, S., Denison, H., Roberts, H. C., . . . Sayer, A. A. (2013). Prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people in the UK using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) definition: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study (HCS). Age and Ageing, 42(3), 378-384.
Pelssers, J., Delecluse, C., Opdenacker, J., Kennis, E., Van Roie, E., & Boen, F. (2013). Every step counts: Effects of a structured walking intervention in a community-based senior organization. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 21 (2), 167-185.
Peterson, N. M., & Martin, P. (2015). Tracing the origins of success: Implications for successful aging. The Gerontologist, 55(1), 5-13.
Phelan, E. A., & Larson, E. B. (2002). “Successful aging”—where next? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 50(7), 1306-1308.
Pillard, F., Laoudj-Chenivesse, D., Carnac, G., Mercier, J., Rami, J., Riviere, D., & Rolland, Y. (2011). Physical activity and sarcopenia. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 27(3), 449-470. doi:10.1016/j.cger.2011.03.009
Pollock, M. L., Franklin, B. A., Balady, G. J., Chaitman, B. L., Fleg, J. L., Fletcher, B., . . . Bazzarre, T. (2000). Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: benefits, rationale, safety, and prescription an advisory from the committee on exercise, rehabilitation, and prevention, council on clinical cardiology, American Heart Association. Circulation, 101(7), 828-833. doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.7.828
Reid, K., Pasha, E., Doros, G., Clark, D., Patten, C., Phillips, E., . . . Fielding, R. (2014). Longitudinal decline of lower extremity muscle power in healthy and mobility-limited older adults: Influence of muscle mass, strength, composition, neuromuscular activation and single fiber contractile properties. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 114(1), 29-39. doi: 10.1007/s00421-013-2728-2
Rikli, R. E., & Jones, C. J. (2001). Senior fitness manual.IL: Human Kinetics.
Rikli, R. E., & Jones, C. J. (2013a). Development and validation of criterion-referenced clinically relevant fitness standards for maintaining physical independence in later years. The Gerontologist, 53 (2), 255-267.
Rikli, R. E., & Jones, C. J. (2013b). Senior fitness test manual. IL: Human Kinetics.Rolland, Y., Czerwinski, S., Abellan Van Kan, G., Morley, J. E., Cesari, M., Onder, G., . . . Vellas, B. (2008). Sarcopenia: Its assessment, etiology, pathogenesis, consequences and future perspectives. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 12(7), 433-450.
Rolland, Y., Dupuy, C., Abellan van Kan, G., Gillette, S., & Vellas, B. (2011). Treatment strategies for sarcopenia and frailty. Medical Clinics of North America, 95(3), 427-438, ix. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2011.02.008
Rosenberg, D. E., Kerr, J., Sallis, J. F., Norman, G. J., Calfas, K., & Patrick, K. (2012). Promoting walking among older adults living in retirement communities. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 20, 379-394.
Rosenberg, I. (1989). Summary comments: epidemiological and methodological problems in determining nutritional status of older persons. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 50, 1231-1233.
Roubenoff, R. (2000). Sarcopenia and its implications for the elderly. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 54, S40-47.
Roubenoff, R. (2004). Sarcopenic obesity: The confluence of two epidemics. Obesity Research, 12(6), 887-888.
Roubenoff, R. (2008). Excess baggage: Sarcopenia, obesity, and cancer outcomes. The lancet Oncology, 9(7), 605-607.
Roubenoff, R., & Harris, T. B. (1997). Failure to thrive, sacropenia and functional decline in the elderly. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 13(4), 613-622.
Roux, L., Pratt, M., Tengs, T. O., Yore, M. M., Yanagawa, T. L., Van Den Bos, J., . . . Heath, G. (2008). Cost effectiveness of community-based physical activity interventions. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35(6), 578-588.
Ruiz, J. R., Sui, X., Lobelo, F., Morrow, J. R., Jackson, A. W., Sjöström, M., & Blair, S. N. (2008). Association between muscular strength and mortality in men: Prospective cohort study. British Medical Journal, 337. doi:10.1136/bmj.a439
Sallis, J. F.,& Glanz, K. (2009). Physical activity and food environments: Solutions to the obesity epidemic. The Milbank Quarterly, 87(1), 123–154.
Sattelmair, J. R., Pertman, J. H., & Forman, D. E. (2009). Effects of physical activity on cardiovascular and noncardiovascular outcomes in older adults. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 25(4), 677-702. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2009.07.004
Sayer, A. A. (2014). Sarcopenia the new geriatric giant: Time to translate research findings into clinical practice. Age and Ageing, 43(6), 736-737. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afu118
Sayer, A. A., Syddall, H., Martin, H., Patel, H., Baylis, D., & Cooper, C. (2008). The developmental origins of sarcopenia. The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 12(7), 427-432.
Schwartz, R. S., & Evans, W. J. (1995). Effects of exercise on body composition and functional capacity of the elderly. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 50(Special Issue), 147-150.
Seals, D. R., DeSouza, C. A., Donato, A. J., & Tanaka, H. (2008). Habitual exercise and arterial aging. Journal of Applied Physiology, 105(4), 1323-1332. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90553.2008
Sénéchal, M., McGavock, J. M., Church, T. S., Lee, D.-c., Earnest, C. P., Sui, X., & Blair, S. N. (2014). Cut-points of muscle strength associated with metabolic syndrome in men. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 46(8), 1475-1481.
Shaw, B. A., McGeever, K., Vasquez, E., Agahi, N., & Fors, S. (2014). Socioeconomic inequalities in health after age 50: Are health risk behaviors to blame? Social Science & Medicine, 101(0), 52-60. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.10.040
Shen‐Miller, D. S., Isacco, A., Davies, J. A., St Jean, M., & Phan, J. L. (2013). The men's center approach: Ecological interventions for college men's health. Journal of Counseling & Development, 91 (4), 499-507.
Shumway-Cook, A., Brauer, S., & Woollacott, M. (2000). Predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults using the timed up & go test. Physical Therapy, 80(9), 896-903.Signorile, J. F. (2011). Bending the Aging Curve: The Complete Exercise Guide for Older Adults. IL: Human Kinetics.
Silveira, P., Daniel, F., Casati, F., & de Bruin, E. D. (2013). Motivating and assisting physical exercise in independently living older adults: A pilot study. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 82 (5), 325-334.
Sloan, R. A., Haaland, B. A., Leung, C., & Muller-Riemenschneider, F. (2013). The use of point-of-decision prompts to increase stair climbing in Singapore. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10 (1), 210-218.
Solberg, P. A., Kvamme, N. H., Raastad, T., Ommundsen, Y., Tomten, S. E., Halvari, H., & Hallen, J. (2013). Effects of different types of exercise on muscle mass, strength, function and well-being in elderly. European Journal of Sport Science, 13 (1), 112-125.
Solway, S., Brooks, D., Lacasse, Y., & Thomas, S. (2001). A qualitative systematic overview of the measurement properties of functional walk tests used in the cardiorespiratory domain. CHEST Journal, 119(1), 256-270.
Sousa, N., Mendes, R., Abrantes, C., Sampaio, J., & Oliveira, J. (2014). Effectiveness of combined exercise training to improve functional fitness in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 14(4), 892-898. doi: 10.1111/ggi.12188
Spirduso, W., Francis, K., & MacRae, P. (2005). Physical dimensions of aging (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Springer, B. A., Marin, R., Cyhan, T., Roberts, H., & Gill, N. W. (2007). Normative values for the unipedal stance test with eyes open and closed. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy, 30(1), 8-15.Stevens, P. J., Syddall, H. E., Patel, H. P., Martin, H. J., Cooper, C., & Aihie Sayer, A. (2012). Is grip strength a good marker of physical performance among community-dwelling older people? Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 16(9), 769-774. doi:10.1007/s12603-012-0388-2
Stone, A. A., Schwartz, J. E., Broderick, J. E., & Deaton, A. (2010). A snapshot of the age distribution of psychological well-being in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(22), 9985-9990.
Strand, K. A., Francis, S. L., Margrett, J. A., Franke, W. D., & Peterson, M. J. (2014). Community-based exergaming program increases physical activity and perceived wellness in older adults. Journal of Aging & Physical Activity, 22(3), 364.
Strawbridge, W. J., Wallhagen, M. I., & Cohen, R. D. (2002). Successful aging and well-being self-rated compared with Rowe and Kahn. The gerontologist, 42(6), 727-733Ackermann, R. T., Cheadle, A., Sandhu, N., Madsen, L., Wagner, E. H., & LoGerfo, J. P. (2003). Community exercise program use and changes in healthcare costs for older adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25(3), 232-237.
Studenski, S., Perera, S., Patel, K., Rosano, C., Faulkner, K., Inzitari, M., . . . Connor, E. B. (2011). Gait speed and survival in older adults. Journal of the American Medical Association, 305(1), 50-58.
Taaffe, D. R. (2006). Sarcopenia-exercise as a treatment strategy. Australian Family Physician, 35(3), 130-134.
Taekema, D. G., Gussekloo, J., Maier, A. B., Westendorp, R. G. J., & de Craen, A. J. M. (2010). Handgrip strength as a predictor of functional, psychological and social health. A prospective population-based study among the oldest old. Age and Ageing, 39(3), 331-337. doi:10.1093/ageing/afq022
Tanimoto, Y., Watanabe, M., Sun, W., Sugiura, Y., Hayashida, I., Kusabiraki, T., & Tamaki, J. (2014). Sarcopenia and falls in community-dwelling elderly subjects in Japan: Defining sarcopenia according to criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 59(2), 295-299.
Tanimoto, Y., Watanabe, M., Sun, W., Tanimoto, K., Shishikura, K., Sugiura, Y., . . . Kono, K. (2013). Association of sarcopenia with functional decline in community‐dwelling elderly subjects in Japan. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 13(4), 958-963.
Thompson, W. R., Gordon, N. F., & Pescatello, L. S. (2009). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (8th Ed.). PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Toots, A., Rosendahl, E., Lundin-Olsson, L., Nordström, P., Gustafson, Y., & Littbrand, H. (2013). Usual gait speed independently predicts mortality in very old people: a population-based study. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 14(7), 529.e521-529.e526. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2013.04.006
Toraman, A., & Yıldırım, N. Ü. (2009). The falling risk and physical fitness in older people. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 51(2), 222-226. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2009.10.012
Toraman, N. F., & Ayceman, N. (2005). Effects of six weeks of detraining on retention of functional fitness of old people after nine weeks of multicomponent training. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(8), 565-568. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2004.015586
Toto, P. E., Raina, K. D., Holm, M. B., Schlenk, E. A., Rubinstein, E. N., & Rogers, J. C. (2012). Outcomes of a multicomponent physical activity program for sedentary, community-dwelling older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 20, 363-378.
US Department of Health Human Services Office of Disease Prevention Health Promotion (2012). Healthy People 2020. Washington, DC.
Vaughan, S., Wallis, M., Polit, D., Steele, M., Shum, D., & Morris, N. (2014). The effects of multimodal exercise on cognitive and physical functioning and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in older women: A randomised controlled trial. Age and Ageing, 43(5), 623-629. doi:10.1093/ageing/afu010
Volpato, S., Bianchi, L., Cherubini, A., Landi, F., Maggio, M., Savino, E., . . . Zuliani, G. (2013). Prevalence and clinical correlates of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people: Application of the EWGSOP definition and diagnostic algorithm. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, glt149.
von Faber, M., Bootsma–van der Wiel, A., van Exel, E., & et al. (2001). Successful aging in the oldest old: Who can be characterized as successfully aged? Archives of Internal Medicine, 161(22), 2694-2700. doi:10.1001/archinte.161.22.2694
Warren, B. S., Maley, M., Sugarwala, L. J., Wells, M. T., & Devine, C. M. (2010). Small steps are easier together: A goal-based ecological intervention to increase walking by women in rural worksites. Preventive Medicine, 50 (5–6), 230-234.
Weinheimer, E. M., Sands, L. P., & Campbell, W. W. (2010). A systematic review of the separate and combined effects of energy restriction and exercise on fat-free mass in middle-aged and older adults: Implications for sarcopenic obesity. Nutrition Reviews, 68(7), 375-388. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00298.x
Wen, C. P., Wai, J. P. M., Tsai, M. K., Yang, Y. C., Cheng, T. Y. D., Lee, M.-C., . . . Wu, X. (2011). Minimum amount of physical activity for reduced mortality and extended life expectancy: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet, 378(9798), 1244-1253. Retrieved from http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673611607496
Whaley, D. E. (2014). An Argument for a Developmental Approach in Studying Older Adults’ Physical Activity. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 22(3), 301.
World Health Organization (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health. Retrieved July, 2014 from the web: http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_recommendations/zh/index. html
World Health Organization (2015). Health 2020. A European policy framework and strategy for the 21st century. Genève: Arthor.
Wu, G., Keyes, L., Callas, P., Ren, X. L., & Bookchin, B. (2010). Comparison of telecommunication, community, and home-based tai chi exercise programs on compliance and effectiveness in elders at risk for falls. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91(6), 849-856. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.01.024
Xue, Q.-L., Guralnik, J. M., Beamer, B. A., Fried, L. P., & Chaves, P. H. M. (2015). Monitoring 6-month trajectory of grip strength improves the prediction of long-term change in grip strength in disabled older women. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 70(3), 365-371. doi:10.1093/gerona/glu149
Yamada, M., Nishiguchi, S., Fukutani, N., Tanigawa, T., Yukutake, T., Kayama, H., . . . Arai, H. (2013). Prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling Japanese older adults. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 14(12), 911-915. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2013.08.015
Young, A. (1986). Exercise physiology in geriatric practice. Acta Medica Scandinavica, 220(S711), 227-232.
Yu, S., Appleton, S., Chapman, I., Adams, R., Wittert, G., Visvanathan, T., & Visvanathan, R. An anthropometric prediction equation for appendicular skeletal muscle mass in combination with a measure of muscle function to screen for sarcopenia in primary and aged care. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 16(1), 25-30. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2014.06.018
Zhuang, J., Huang, L., Wu, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2014). The effectiveness of a combined exercise intervention on physical fitness factors related to falls in community-dwelling older adults. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 9, 131.
Ziegelmann, J. P., & Knoll, N. (2015). Future directions in the study of health behavior among older adults. Gerontology, 61(5), 469-476.