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題名:椅子瑜珈課程對社區高齡者功能性體適能與幸福感影響之研究
作者:曾建興 引用關係
作者(外文):Chien-Hsing Tseng
校院名稱:國立中正大學
系所名稱:成人及繼續教育研究所
指導教授:胡夢鯨
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2018
主題關鍵詞:社區高齡者椅子瑜珈課程功能性體適能幸福感community-dwelling older adultschair-based yoga coursesfunctional fitnesswell-being
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本研究旨在建構一套適合社區高齡者從事的椅子瑜珈課程方案,並探討其對功能性體適能與幸褔感之影響成效,進而驗證椅子瑜珈課程方案之有效性與可行性。本研究方法採取兩個階段進行,第一階段邀請12位理論與實務之專家學者進行4次焦點團體座談會議發展社區高齡者椅子瑜珈課程之要素與動作內容;第二階段採用準實驗研究設計,以58位高雄市社區照顧關懷據點之年滿65歲高齡者為研究對象,進行為期12週、每週2次、每次90分鐘的椅子瑜珈課程介入,於前後測評估30秒屈臂上舉、30秒坐椅站立、握力測驗、抓背測驗、坐椅體前彎、開眼單腳站立及2.44公尺坐站起走繞物等功能性體適能項目以及心理、情緒及社會等幸福感量表,再將所得數據資料以相依樣本t檢定進行分析社區高齡者參與12週椅子瑜珈課程對其功能性體適能與幸褔感之改善成效。
本研究結果有以下三點發現:
一、本研究椅子瑜珈課程內容以暖身運動、呼吸調節、體位姿勢以及緩和放鬆與冥想等哈達瑜珈要素作為主要動作設計原則,共計發展出36個動作內容,訓練目標以促進社區高齡者肌肉力量、柔軟度與平衡能力之身體功能以及提升幸福感為主要方向;
二、社區高齡者參與12週椅子瑜珈課程介入後,具有延緩功能性體適能衰退之成效,以促進下肢柔軟度最為明顯;
三、社區高齡者參與12週椅子瑜珈課程介入可有效增進幸福感得分,以提升社會幸福感最為顯著。
最後,本研究依據研究結果,針對五個面向提出相關建議:
一、對政府主管機關的建議
(一)制訂我國高齡運動健康促進白皮書,作為高齡研究與身體活動指引之準則。
(二)將運動即是良藥觀念向下紮根,重視中高齡者功能性衰退與失能之議題。
(三)推動多元化且每周兩次的社區高齡運動健康促進方案,促使高齡者達成社區在地活躍老化之目標。
二、對社區高齡照顧據點的建議
(一)將椅子瑜珈課程納入社區高齡照顧據點固定的活動課程,作為延緩社區高齡者身心功能衰退之運動健康促進方案。
(二)創建椅子瑜珈課程之社區教學師資團隊,深入社區培訓社區志工具備學理專業的健康促進課程。
(三)鼓勵社區志工與在地人士參與國民體適能研習會,建構社區在地的功能性體適能檢測團隊。
三、對社區高齡者的建議
(一)高齡者應建立新健康價值觀念,增強個人運動健康促進的動機。
(二)正視椅子瑜珈運動對社區高齡者身心健康的影響,培養規律的運動習慣。
四、對未來運動課程方案的建議
(一)持續開發椅子瑜珈課程各項配套與動作組合,針對不同高齡族群需求調整。
(二)可規劃以椅子瑜珈課程為核心,同時開設經科學驗證有效的體適能訓練。
(三)拍攝椅子瑜珈課程影片等多媒體教材,作為高齡者居家運動之學習資源。
五、對未來研究的建議
(一)採用隨機控制研究設計方式強化椅子瑜珈運動介入對高齡者身心健康影響成效之實證研究範疇。
(二)採用縱貫性研究長期追蹤高齡者身心健康以及使用不同研究設計方式深入比較與探討。
(三)擴展研究對象與實驗場域,探究椅子瑜珈課程介入對不同屬性的高齡族群之影響情形。
(四)增加影響高齡者健康狀態之相關變項,進一步驗證椅子瑜珈課程介入之有效性。
This study intended to build a set of chair-based yoga courses that can be suitable to community-dwelling older adults, as well as investigated its effect on functional fitness and well-being, and further to verify the validity and feasibility for the chair-based yoga courses. This study is carried out in 2 phases: First Phase is to invite 12 theoretic and empirical experts and scholars to conduct 4 sessions of focus group discuss , in order to develop the factors and movement contents of the chair-based yoga courses for community-dwelling older adults; Second Phase adopted the quasi-experimental design with took 58 adults who are older than 65 years old and in Kaohsiung City community-dwelling caring bases as the research subject to carry out a 12-week, twice a week and 90 minutes a class, the intervention of chair-based yoga courses. It took measurement before and after executing such yoga course, functional fitness items included 30-second Bent-arm Lateral Raise, 30-second sit-to-stand, Hand-grip Test, Back Scratch Test, Chair sit-and-reach Test, Open Eye One-Leg Stand and 2.44 meters up-and-go Test. Data was collected from mental, emotional and social well-being scales, and adopted the Paired-sample t-Test to analyze those collected data for the improvement effect of 12-week chair-based yoga courses to the functional fitness and well-being for community-dwelling older adults.
Research results showed 3 findings as follows:
1.Based on the contents of chair-based yoga courses, this study adopted main factors of Hatha yoga, including warm-up exercise, warm up exercise, breathing adjustment, yoga poses, calm, relax and meditation, as the design principle of main movement, and there’re 36 movements have been developed. The training goal is to improve community-dwelling older adults with their physical function, such as the muscle strength, flexibility and balance ability and upgrade their well-being as the main direction;
2.After intervening 12-week chair-based yoga courses for community-dwelling older adults, it showed effects of postponing the functional fitness decline, and there’s a significant improvement in lower limbs flexibility;
3.Community-dwelling older adults participated in the 12-week chair-based yoga courses and such intervention can effectively improve the score of their well-being, and it showed a significant improvement in social well-being.
Lastly, according to research results, this Study proposed corresponding suggestions by aiming those 5 aspects:
1.Suggestions to government’s authority
(1)To establish the White Paper of Taiwan’s Health Promotion to Elderly Exercise to be the guidance of aging research and physical movement.
(2)To root the idea of Exercise is Medicine with paying attention to those issues of mid/elderly people’s functional decline and disability.
(3)Promoting diversified and twice a week the health promoting exercise program for community-dwelling older adults to urge elder people to reach the goal of active ageing for community-dwelling older adults.
2.Suggestions to community-dwelling elderly caring base
(1)Integrated the chair-based yoga courses into the routine activity and course for the community-dwelling elderly caring base, it can be used as the exercise health promoting program for postponing community-dwelling older adults’ physical and mental functions.
(2)Establish the teaching team of chair-based yoga courses for community, and enter community to train volunteers to have theoretic professionalism for health promoting courses.
(3)Encourage community volunteers and local people to participate the national fitness seminar in order to build up the local functional fitness inspection team for communities.
3.Suggestions to community-dwelling older adults
(1)Elderly people shall have the concept of new heath values to enhance individual’s motivation of exercise health promotion.
(2)Care for the influence of chair-based yoga exercise on community-dwelling older adults’ physical and mental health and make them to have regular exercise behavior.
4.Suggestions to Future Exercise Program
(1)Continuously develop combinations of various packs and movements for the chair-based yoga courses with making adjustments in requirements by aiming different aging groups.
(2)Plan the chair-based yoga courses as a core, and set the fitness training course that its effect has been verified scientifically.
(3)Film the chair-based yoga courses and use it as the multimedia teaching material to be the home learning resources for elderly people.
5.Suggestions to future research
(1)Used the random control research design to enhance the empirical research scope for the effect of the chair-based yoga exercise invention to elderly’s mental and physical health.
(2)Adopted the longitudinal research to make long-term trace of elderly’s mental and physical heath, as well as used different research designs to carry out in-depth comparison and investigation.
(3)Expanded research subject and experimental field in order to investigate impact of the chair-based yoga courses invention on aging groups with different attributes.
(4)Add related variables that may influence elderly’s health conditions, so as to verify the validity of inventing the chair-based yoga courses.
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