臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫系統

:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
第 1 筆 / 總合 1 筆   第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁
/1頁
題名：有彈性的最適老化—內在覺感與以失落為基礎的選擇對老化適應心理歷程之可能影響初探
作者：黃芸新
作者(外文)：Yun-Hsin Huang
校院名稱：國立臺灣大學
系所名稱：心理學研究所
指導教授：吳英璋
林耀盛
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2018
主題關鍵詞：老化；選擇—最適化—補償；以失落為基礎的選擇；內在覺感；內在覺感連續向度
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:2
協助個體「好的老化」可以促進個體生活品質與提升社會群體發展。本研究採納最適老化觀點，主張個體在老化的過程中，若能良好運用「選擇—最適化—補償」歷程，則能達到較佳的心理適應結果。其中「以失落為基礎的選擇」是個體在面對老化常見的資源失落時，重要的因應策略。然而，目前的實徵研究卻無法提供臨床工作者該如何協助個體啟動此歷程的解答。本研究藉整合壓力因應模式與目標設定理論，主張「準確地認識到自己的失落」是啟動「以失落為基礎的選擇」的重要因素。內在覺感構念可反映個體對生理訊號的覺察，本研究關注與情緒歷程高度相關的心血管內在覺感。理論與實徵研究皆支持內在覺感是許多心理歷程的重要基礎。然而，過去的研究對心血管內在覺感特性的測量侷限於「準確」與「不準確」，本研究則整合呼吸道內在覺感、憂鬱情緒、症狀誇大與低估等幾方面的研究資料，主張心血管內在覺感之本質應是由非常低估至非常高估的連續面向，「準確」則是連續面向中間的某一點。本研究嘗試以連續面向的操作型定義出發，更貼近該現象的瞭解老化適應心理歷程中內在覺感所扮演的可能角色。研究目的可以分為兩大部分。第一部分探索內在覺感之本質，建立內在覺感連續向度的測量方式與指標，檢驗其信效度並探索隨年齡的改變。第二部分則探討「以失落為基礎的選擇」在個體面對失落時，對於各種心理適應結果所發揮的效用，以及影響其效用的可能因素，包括年齡與內在覺感傾向特性。本研究藉由社區平台與網路平台，納入125位研究參與者，包括46位男性，年齡在20歲至81歲之間，平均52.02 ± 18.09歲。依年齡可區分為青年成人、中年成人、與老年成人三組。藉由情緒誘發後的心跳偵測作業測量並計算內在覺感指標，並以以失落為基礎的選擇量表、身心症狀量表、慢性病患負向情緒量表與台灣簡明版世界衛生組織生活品質問卷等自陳式問卷，進行研究探討。研究結果發現內在覺感高低估連續向度指標具有令人滿意的內部一致性與情境穩定性，但效標（身心症狀困擾）關連效度則沒有顯著相關性。內在覺感準確性不隨年齡而有顯著變化，但以連續向度來看，則隨年齡而漸趨高估。「以失落為基礎的選擇」相關的多元迴歸分析結果則發現：（1）在控制年齡的情況下，個體使用越多以失落為基礎的選擇來面對失落，會對負向情緒、整體健康滿意度、心理生活品質與社會生活品質等幾項心理適應結果產生負向不利效果；（2）將年齡視為獨立的預測因素進行考量時，則發現中年人若較傾向於使用以失落為基礎的選擇來面對失落，會預測較高的身心症狀困擾，但亦預測較佳的生理生活品質；（3）在控制年齡並考量內在覺感的可能影響時，發現準確者使用以失落為基礎的選擇來面對失落可以預測較佳的生理生活品質與心理生活品質。低估者使用以失落為基礎的選擇來面對失落則會預測較高的身心症狀困擾與較差的心理生活品質；但在沒有主觀失落的情況下，以失落為基礎的選擇則能預測帶來較佳的心理生活品質。高估者使用以失落為基礎的選擇來面對失落可以預測較低的身心症狀困擾與較佳的生理生活品質，但在沒有主觀失落的狀況下，以失落為基礎的選擇則會預測較差的生理生活品質。綜上所述，準確與高估的內在覺感對於使用以失落為基礎的選擇來面對失落是有利的，低估則是不利的；然而，在沒有失落的情況下，高估者使用以失落為基礎的選擇則是不利的，低估者卻是有利的。本研究建立了對內在覺感本質的新觀點與測量方式，對於「以失落為基礎的選擇」作為「因應歷程」有更深入的瞭解。根據結果，內在覺感「連續向度」比「準確性」更能反映其在年齡上的變化，及對心理歷程的影響。「以失落為基礎的選擇」不一定有利，而中年應是因應型態轉折的重要階段。內在覺感影響個體因應效能，對身體狀態的準確判斷能讓個體以較恰當的方式因應失落，高估身體狀態的變化使個體在沒有明顯失落的狀態下產生過早的放棄，低估身體狀態的變化則使個體無法恰當的面對失落。研究結果能提供臨床服務相關思考，最後，本研究亦檢討了研究限制，並試提出未來研究方向。
Aging well promotes not only the quality of life of individuals, but also the positivity of society. According to the perspective of Baltes and his colleagues, the usage of “selection-optimization-compensation (SOC)” process leads to better psychological adaptation to aging. In the SOC process, loss-based selection (LBS) is crucial when facing loss. However, how to facilitate LBS is not well established by empirical evidence yet. According to cognitive appraisal and goal-setting theory, “to appraise loss objectively” facilitates LBS. Interoception is used to explore how individuals perceive own physiological signal. Interoceptive awareness (IA) is the representation of one’s own physiological state as a whole, and is regarded as “trait-like” attribution. Empirical evidences support that cardiac IA is related to multiple psychological processes. However, the operation definition of individual differences of cardiac IA was limited in “accurate” vs. “inaccurate” in previous study. By integrating the research of respiratory IA, depressive emotion, symptom amplification and symptom underestimation, the present study suggest that the nature of interoception is a continuum from overestimated (i.e., hyperinteroceptive) to underestimated (i.e., hypointeroceptive), and “accurate” is the midpoint of the continuum. The role of interoception in psychological adaptation to aging was explored by the continuously defined IA. There are two main purpose of this study. First, in order to investigate the nature of interoception, the measurement and index of cardiac interoceptive continuum were established. The reliability and criterion-related validity (psychosomatic symptom disturbance as the criterion) of the index were examined, also the change with age. Second, the effect of LBS on psychological adaptation when facing loss, and possible influences of age and IA were explored. A total of 125 participants were recruited in community and through internet, including 46 male, age between 20 to 81 (52.02 ± 18.09) years old. Participants were divided into young, mid age, and old adults. IA index was measured and computed by heartbeat detection task following mood-induction task. Demographical data, LBS scale, psychosomatic symptom checklist, Negative Emotions due to Chronic Illness Screening Test, and WHO-QOL BREF were administrated by self-report. Results revealed that the IA index developed in this study showed satisfied internal consistency and situational stability. However, the criterion-related validity is not evidenced. The interoceptive accuracy did not change with age. However, the subjects distributed differently across the whole interoceptive continuum, and tend to be more hyperinteroceptive with age increasing. The multiple regression analysis about LBS showed that: (1) After controlling with age, the more LBS participants used to face loss, the more negative psychological adaptation outcome is, including negative emotions, general health satisfaction, mental quality of life (QOL) and social QOL. (2) The interaction of age and LBS was found. Only among the middle age adults, when loss is present, higher LBS predict higher psychosomatic symptom disturbance and better physical QOL. (3) After controlling with age, when IA is accurate and loss is present, higher LBS predict better physical and mental QOL. When IA is hypointeroceptive and loss is present, higher LBS predict higher psychosomatic symptom disturbance and worse mental QOL; however, when loss is not present, higher LBS predict better mental QOL. When IA is hyperinteroceptive and loss is present, higher LBS predict lower psychosomatic symptom disturbance and better physical QOL; however, when loss is not present, higher LBS predict worse physical QOL. In sum, when facing loss, accurate IA and hyperinteroception facilitate LBS, but hypointeroception damages LBS. However, when loss is not present, hyperinteroception damages LBS, but hypointeroception facilitates LBS. The present study established the new perspective and measurement of interoceptive awareness, and explored LBS as a coping process. According to the results, interoceptive continuum shows phenomenal change across age and its effect on other psychological process. LBS is not always good to individuals, and middle age is important that coping style is changing. Interoceptive awareness shows differential effect on coping efficiency with accurate, hyper-, and hypointeroception. Results contribute in clinical application and future direction.
參考文獻
中華民國內政部戶政司全球資訊網。十五歲以上人口數按年齡與教育程度。取自https://www.ris.gov.tw/346
吳治勳（2010）：《對老的刻板印象，老化自我覺知及最適老化》（未出版之博士論文）。國立臺灣大學，台北市。new window
吳英璋、苑舉正、陸洛、沈冬、胡志偉、陳慶餘（2013）：《老化歷程與老年生活品質提升》，國立臺灣大學前瞻研究領航計畫技術報告，報告編號10R70618。未出版。
姚開屏（2001）：《台灣簡明版世界衛生組織生活品質問卷之發展及使用手冊》（第一修訂版）。台北市：台灣大學心理學系。
陳慶餘、吳英璋（1987）：〈以生物心理社會模式探討台大新生之身心症狀〉。《中華心理衛生學刊》，3，89-105。new window
陳慶餘、李立維、吳英璋（1991）：〈身心症狀, 家庭功能與疾病的關係〉。《中華心理衛生學刊》，5，23-34。new window
鄭逸如、吳英璋、呂碧鴻（1999）：〈生物心理社會取向之壓力衡鑑與壓力調適之效果評估〉。《應用心理研究》，3，191-217。new window
Ackerman, J. M., Nocera, C. C., & Bargh, J. A. (2010). Incidental haptic sensations influence social judgments and decisions. Science, 328, 1712-1715.
Aldwin, C., & Gilmer, D. F. (2013). Health, illness, and optimal aging: Biological and psychosocial perspectives. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
Allgaier, A.-K., Kramer, D., Mergl, R., Fejtkova, S., & Hegeri, U. (2011). Validity of the Geriatric Depression Scale in nursing home residents: Comparison of GDS-15, GDS-8, and GDS-4. Psychiatrische Praxis, 38, 280-286. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1266105
Aronson, K. R., Barrett, L. F., & Quigley, K. S. (2001). Feeling your body or feeling badly: Evidence for the limited validity of the Somatosensory Amplification Scale as an index of somatic sensitivity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 51, 387-394.
Armony, J. L., Corbo, V., Clément, M., & Brunet, A. (2005). Amygdala responses in patients with acute PTSD to masked and unmasked emotional facial expressions. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1961-1963.
Asmundson, G. J. G., Sandler, L. S., Wilson, K. G., & Norton, G. R. (1993). Panic attacks and interoceptive acuity for cardiac sensations. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 193-197. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(93)90071-2
Averill, J. R. (1994). Emotions are many splendored things. In P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The Nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 99-102). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Baltes, M. M., & Carstensen, L. L. (2003). The process of successful aging: Selection, optimization, and compensation. In: U.M. Staudinger & U. Lindenberger (Eds), Understanding human development (pp. 81-104). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
Baltes, P. B. (1993). The aging mind: Potential and limits. The Gerontologist, 33, 580-594.
Baltes, P. B. (1997). On the incomplete architecture of human ontogeny: Selection, optimization, and compensation as foundation of developmental theory. American Psychologist, 52, 366-380.
Baltes, P. B., & Baltes, M. M. (1990). Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation. Successful Aging: Perspectives from the Behavioral Sciences, 1, 1-34.
Baltes, P. B., Baltes, M. M., Freund, A. M., & Lang, F. R. (1999). The measurement of selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) by self report: Technical report 1999. Berlin, Germany: Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung.
Banzett, R. B., Dempsey, J. A., O''donnell, D. E., & Wamboldt, M. Z. (2000). Symptom perception and respiratory sensation in asthma. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 162, 1178-1182.
Barrett, L. F., Quigley, K. S., Bliss-Moreau, E., & Aronson, K. R. (2004). Interoceptive sensitivity and self-reports of emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 684-697.
Barrett, B., Tyrer, P., Tyrer, H., Cooper, S., Crawford, M. J., & Byford, S. (2012). An examination of the factors that influence costs in medical patients with health anxiety. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 73, 59-62.
Barsky, A. J. (1979). Patients who amplify bodily sensations. Annals of Internal Medicine, 91, 63-70.
Barsky, A. J., Goodson, J. D., Lane, R. S., & Cleary, P. D. (1988). The amplification of somatic symptoms. Psychosomatic Medicine, 50, 510-519.
Birren, J. E., & Schaie, K. W. (2001). Handbook of the psychology of aging. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.
Boerner, K. (2004). Adaptation to disability among middle-aged and older adults: The role of assimilative and accommodative coping. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 59, 35-42.
Bogaerts, K., Millen, A., Li, W., De Peuter, S., Van Diest, I., Vlemincx, E., . . . Van den Bergh, O. (2008). High symptom reporters are less interoceptively accurate in a symptom-related context. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 65, 417-424.
Bowling, A., & Dieppe, P. (2005). What is successful ageing and who should define it? British Medical Journal, 331, 1548-1551.
Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (2000). Measuring emotion: Behavior, feeling, and physiology. Cognitive neuroscience of emotion, 25, 49-59.
Brandtstädter, J. (2009). Goal pursuit and goal adjustment: Self-regulation and intentional self-development in changing developmental contexts. Advances in Life Course Research, 14, 52-62.
Brandtstädter, J., & Renner, G. (1990). Tenacious goal pursuit and flexible goal adjustment: Explication and age-related analysis of assimilative and accommodative strategies of coping. Psychology and Aging, 5, 58.
Brandtstädter, J., & Rothermund, K. (2002). The life-course dynamics of goal pursuit and goal adjustment: A two-process framework. Developmental Review, 22, 117-150.
Brandtstädter, J., Wentura, D., & Greve, W. (1993). Adaptive resources of the aging self: Outlines of an emergent perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 16, 323-349.
British Throatic Association (1982). Death from asthma in two regions of England. British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.), 285, 1251.
Cannon, W. B. (1927). The James-Lange theory of emotions: A critical examination and an alternative theory. The American Journal of Psychology, 39, 106-124.
Carver, C. S., Sutton, S. K., & Scheier, M. F. (2000). Action, emotion, and personality: Emerging conceptual integration. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 741-751. doi:10.1177/0146167200268008
Caseras, X., Murphy, K., Mataix-Cols, D., Lopez-Sola, M., Soriano-Mas, C., Ortriz, H., . . . Torrubia, R. (2013). Anatomical and functional overlap within the insula and anterior cingulate cortex during interoception and phobic symptom provocation. Human Brain Mapping, 34, 1220-1229. doi: 10.1002/hbm.21503
Carstensen, L. L. (1993). Motivation for social contact across the life span: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. In Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1992: Developmental perspectives on motivation (pp. 209-254). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Carstensen, L. L. (1995). Evidence for a life-span theory of socioemotional selectivity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4, 151-156. doi: 10.1111/1467-8721.ep11512261
Cheng, C., Lau, H.-P. B., & Chan, M.-P. S. (2014). Coping flexibility and psychological adjustment to stressful life changes: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 1582-1607. doi: 10.1037/a0037913
Cioffi, D. (1991a). Beyond attentional strategies: A cognitive-perceptual model of somatic interpretation. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 25-41.
Cioffi, D. (1991b). Sensory awareness versus sensory impression: Affect and attention interact to produce somatic meaning. Cognition and Emotion, 5, 275-294. doi: 10.1080/02699939108411041
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155.
Connolly, M., Crowley, J., Charan, N., Nielson, C., & Vestal, R. (1992). Reduced subjective awareness of bronchoconstriction provoked by methacholine in elderly asthmatic and normal subjects as measured on a simple awareness scale. Thorax, 47, 410-413.
Craig, A. D. (2002). How do you feel? Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3, 655-666.
Craig, A. D. (2003). Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 13, 500-505.
Craig, A. D. (2008). Interoception and emotion: a neuroanatomical perspective. In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones, & L. F. Barret (Eds.), Handbook of emotions, 3, 272-288.
Craig, A. D. (2009). How do you feel--now? The anterior insula and human awareness. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10, 59-70.
Cusens, B., Duggan, G. B., Thorne, K., & Burch, V. (2010). Evaluation of the Breathworks mindfulness-based pain management programme: Effects on well-being and multiple measures of mindfulness. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 17, 63-78.
Dahme, B., Richter, R., & Mass, R. (1996). Interoception of respiratory resistance in asthmatic patients. Biological Psychology, 42, 215-229.
Damasio, A. R., Everitt, B. J., & Bishop, D. (1996). The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex [and discussion]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 351, 1413-1420.
Derogatis, L. R., Lipman, R. S., Rickels, K., Uhlenhuth, E. H., & Covi, L. (1974). The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): A self‐report symptom inventory. Behavioral Science, 19, 1-15.
Domschke, K., Stevens, S., Pfleiderer, B., & Gerlach, A. L. (2010). Interoceptive sensitivity in anxiety and anxiety disorders: An overview and integration of neurobiological findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.08.008
Dunn, B. D., Galton, H. C., Morgan, R., Evans, D., Oliver, C., Meyer, M., . . . Dalgleish, T. (2010). Listening to your heart: How interoception shapes emotion experience and intuitive decision making. Psychological Science, 21, 1835-1844.
Dunn, B. D., Stefanovitch, I., Evans, D., Oliver, C., Hawkins, A., & Dalgleish, T. (2010). Can you feel the beat? Interoceptive awareness is an interactive function of anxiety- and depression-specific symptom dimensions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 1133-1138.
Ehlers, A. (1993). Interoception and panic disorder. Advances in Behaviour Research & Therapy, 15, 3-21. doi: 10.1016/0146-6402%2893%2990001-I
Ehlers, A., Breuer, P., Dohn, D., & Fiegenbaum, W. (1995). Heartbeat perception and panic disorder: Possible explanations for discrepant findings. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 69-76. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)E0002-Z
Ekman, P., Levenson, R. W., & Friesen, W. V. (1983). Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions. Science, 221, 1208-1210. doi: 10.1126/science.6612338
Fahrenberg, J., Franck, M., Baas, U., & Jost, E. (1995). Awareness of blood pressure: Interoception or contextual judgement? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 39, 11-18. doi:h10.1016/0022-3999%2894%2900070-L
Fairclough, S. H., & Goodwin, L. (2007). The effect of psychological stress and relaxation on interoceptive accuracy: Implications for symptom perception. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 62, 289-295. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.10.017
Freund, A. M. (2008). Successful aging as management of resources: The role of selection, optimization, and compensation. Research in Human Development, 5, 94-106.
Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (1998). Selection, optimization, and compensation as strategies of life management: Correlations with subjective indicators of successful aging. Psychology and Aging, 13, 531.
Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2002). Life-management strategies of selection, optimization and compensation: Measurement by self-report and construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 642.
Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., Newman, A. B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., . . . Burke, G. (2001). Frailty in older adults evidence for a phenotype. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 56, M146-M157.
Fuchs, T., & Schlimme, J. E. (2009). Embodiment and psychopathology: A phenomenological perspective. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 22, 570-575.
Furman, D. J., Waugh, C. E., Bhattacharjee, K., Thompson, R. J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2013). Interoceptive awareness, positive affect, and decision making in major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders,780-785. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.044
Gardner-Nix, J., Backman, S., Barbati, J., & Grummitt, J. (2008). Evaluating distance education of a mindfulness-based meditation programme for chronic pain management. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 14, 88-92.
Glächer, J. & Adolphs, R. (2003). Processing of the arousal of subliminal and supraliminal emotional stimuli by human amygdale. Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 10274-10282.
Gross, J. J., Carstensen, L. L., Pasupathi, M., Tsai, J., Götestam Skorpen, C., & Hsu, A. Y. (1997). Emotion and aging: Experience, expression, and control. Psychology and Aging, 12, 590-599.
Hafner, M. (2013). When body and mind are talking: Interoception moderates embodied cognition. Experimental Psychology, 60, 255-259. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000194
Hall, C., Lindzey, G., & Campbell, J. (1998). Theories of Personality. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York , NY: Guilford Publications.
Helson, R., & Klohnen, E. C. (1998). Affective coloring of personality from young adulthood to midlife. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 241-252.
Herbert, B. M., Muth, E. R., Pollatos, O., & Herbert, C. (2012). Interoception across modalities: On the relationship between cardiac awareness and the sensitivity for gastric functions. PLoS ONE, 7. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036646
Herbert, B. M., & Pollatos, O. (2012). The body in the mind: On the relationship between interoception and embodiment. Topics in Cognitive Science, 4, 692-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1756-8765.2012.01189.x
Herbert, B. M., Pollatos, O., Flor, H., Enck, P., & Schandry, R. (2010). Cardiac awareness and autonomic cardiac reactivity during emotional picture viewing and mental stress. Psychophysiology, 47, 342-354.
Herbert, B. M., Pollatos, O., & Schandry, R. (2007). Interoceptive sensitivity and emotion processing: An EEG study. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 65, 214-227.
Higgins, E. T. (1998). Promotion and prevention: Regulatory focus as a motivational principle. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 1-46.
Holzl, R., Erasmus, L.-P., & Moltner, A. (1996). Detection, discrimination and sensation of visceral stimuli. Biological Psychology, 42, 199-214.
Hölzl, R., Erasmus, L.-P., Kröger, C., Whitehead, W. E., & Ottenjann, R. (2009). Analysis of visceral hyperalgesia in symptomatic subgroups of the" irritable bowel syndrome": Lowered bowel compliance or increased pain sensitivity? Forschungsberichte aus dem Otto-Selz-Institut der Universität Mannheim, 29, 3-41.
Howell, D. C. (2011). Statistical methods for psychology. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Huang, Y.-H., Wu, C.-H., Chen, H.-J., Cheng, Y.-R., Hung, F.-C., Leung, K.-K., . . . Wu, Y.-C. (2017). Quick screening tool for patients with severe negative emotional reactions to chronic illness: Psychometric study of the negative emotions due to chronic illness screening test (NECIS). Family Practice, 35, 34-40.
Hutchinson, S. L., & Nimrod, G. (2012). Leisure as a resource for successful aging by older adults with chronic health conditions. The International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 74, 41-65. doi: 10.2190/AG.74.1.c
James, W. (1884). What is an emotion? Mind, 9, 188-205.
Jopp, D., & Smith, J. (2006). Resources and life-management strategies as determinants of successful aging: On the protective effect of selection, optimization, and compensation. Psychology and Aging, 21, 253.
Kadota, Y., Cooper, G., Burton, A. R., Lemon, J., Schall, U., Lloyd, A., & Vollmer-Conna, U. (2010). Autonomic hyper-vigilance in post-infective fatigue syndrome. Biological Psychology, 85, 97-103.
Khalsa, S. S., Rudrauf, D., & Tranel, D. (2009). Interoceptive awareness declines with age. Psychophysiology, 46, 1130-1136.
Kleinke, C. L. (2007). What does it mean to cope? In Monat, A., Lazarus, R. S. & Reevy, G. (Eds), The Praeger handbook on stress and coping (pp. 289-308). Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers/Greenwood Publishing Group.
Lang, P. J. (1994). The varieties of emotional experience: A meditation on James-Lange theory. Psychological Review, 101, 211.
Lang, P. J., Greenwald, M. K., Bradley, M. M., & Hamm, A. O. (1993). Looking at pictures: Affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions. Psychophysiology, 30, 261-273.
Lawton, M. P. (2001). Emotion in later life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 120-123.
Lazarus, R. S. (1984). On the primacy of cognition. American Psychologist, 39, 124-129.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1987). Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping. European Journal of Personality, 1, 141-169. doi: 10.1002/per.2410010304
Levenson, R. W. (2003). Autonomic specificity and emotion. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 212-224). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Levenson, R. W., Carstensen, L. L., Friesen, W. V., & Ekman, P. (1991). Emotion, physiology, and expression in old age. Psychology and Aging, 6, 28-35.
Levenson, R. W. (1994). Human emotion: A functional view. In P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 123-126). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Mandelzweig, L., Goldbourt, U., Boyko, V., & Tanne, D. (2006). Perceptual, social, and behavioral factors associated with delays in seeking medical care in patients with symptoms of acute stroke. Stroke, 37, 1248-1253.
Matthews, G., & Wells, A. (2004). Rumination, depression, and metacognition: The S-REF model. In C. Papagegiou & A. Wells, Depressive rumination: Nature, theory and treatment (pp. 125-151). London, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
Mendes, W. B. (2010). Weakened links between mind and body in older age: The case for maturational dualism in the experience of emotion. Emotion Review, 2, 240-244.
Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. Psychological Review, 102, 246.
Mroczek, D. K. (2001). Age and emotion in adulthood. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 87-90.
Najström, M. & Jansson, B. (2006). Unconscious responses to threatening pictures: Interactive effect of trait anxiety and social desirability on skin conductance responses. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, 35, 11-18.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 504-511.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 400-424.
Ohman, A., & Soares, J. J. (1994). "Unconscious anxiety": Phobic responses to masked stimuli. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 231-240.
Peper, E., Tylova, H., Gibney, K. H., Harvey, R., & Combatalade, D. (2008). An experiential teaching and self-training manual. Wheat Ridge, CO: Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback.
Petersen, S., Van Staeyen, K., Vögele, C., von Leupoldt, A., & Van den Bergh, O. (2015). Interoception and symptom reporting: Disentangling accuracy and bias. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 732.
Plews-Ogan, M., Owens, J. E., Goodman, M., Wolfe, P., & Schorling, J. (2005). A pilot study evaluating mindfulness-based stress reduction and massage for the management of chronic pain. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 20, 1136-1138.
Plutchik, R. (1984). Emotions: A general psychoevolutionary theory. In K. Scherer & P. Ekman (Eds.), Approaches to emotion (pp. 197-219). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
Pollatos, O., Herbert, B. M., Kaufmann, C., Auer, D. P., & Schandry, R. (2007). Interoceptive awareness, anxiety and cardiovascular reactivity to isometric exercise. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 65, 167-173.
Pollatos, O., Traut-Mattausch, E., & Schandry, R. (2009). Differential effects of anxiety and depression on interoceptive accuracy. Depression and Anxiety, 26, 167-173.
Power, M., & Dalgleish, T. (2007). Cognition and emotion: From order to disorder. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
Richards, J. C., & Bertram, S. (2000). Anxiety sensitivity, state and trait anxiety, and perception of change in sympathetic nervous system arousal. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 14, 413-427.
Richards, J. C., Cooper, A. J., & Winkelman, J. H. (2003). Interoceptive accuracy in nonclinical panic. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 447-461.
Schandry, R. (1981). Heart beat perception and emotional experience. Psychophysiology, 18, 483-488. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02486.x
Schandry, R., Bestler, M., & Montoya, P. (1993). On the relation between cardiodynamics and heartbeat perception. Psychophysiology, 30, 467-474.
Schandry, R., Sparrer, B., & Weitkunat, R. (1986). From the heart to the brain: A study of heartbeat contingent scalp potentials. International Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 261-275.
Schandry, R., & Weitkunat, R. (1990). Enhancement of heartbeat-related brain potentials through cardiac awareness training. International Journal of Neuroscience, 53, 243-253.
Schmitz, U., Saile, H., & Nilges, P. (1996). Coping with chronic pain: Flexible goal adjustment as an interactive buffer against pain-related distress. Pain, 67, 41-51.
Seltzer, M. M., Greenberg, J. S., Floyd, F. J., & Hong, J. (2004). Accommodative coping and well-being of midlife parents of children with mental health problems or developmental disabilities. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 74, 187.
Skinner, E. A., & Edge, K., Altman, J., & Sherwood, H. (2003). Searching for the structure of coping. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 216-269.
Steptoe, A., & Noll, A. (1997). The perception of bodily sensations, with special reference to hypochondriasis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 901-910.
Steptoe, A., & Vögele, C. (1992). Individual differences in the perception of bodily sensations: The role of trait anxiety and coping style. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 30, 597-607.
Stevens, S., Gerlach, A. L., Cludius, B., Silkens, A., Craske, M. G., & Hermann, C. (2011). Heartbeat perception in social anxiety before and during speech anticipation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 138-143. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.11.009
Suslow, T., Ohrmann, P. Bauer, J. Rauch, A. V., Schwindt, W., Arolt, V., Heindel, W., & Kugel, H. (2006). Amygdala activation during masked presentation of emotional faces predicts conscious detection of threat-related faces. Brain and Cognition, 61, 243-248.
Teigen, K. H. (1994). Yerkes-Dodson: A law for all seasons. Theory & Psychology, 4, 525-547. doi:10.1177/0959354394044004
Terasawa, Y., Fukushima, H., & Umeda, S. (2013). How does interoceptive awareness interact with the subjective experience of emotion? An fMRI study. Human Brain Mapping, 34, 598-612.
Vaitl, D. (1996). Interoception. Biological Psychology, 42, 1-27.
Varela, F. J., Thompson, E., & Rosch, E. (2017). The embodied mind: Cognitive science and human experience. Cambridge, MA: MIT press.
Victor, C., Scambler, S., Bond, J., & Bowling, A. (2000). Being alone in later life: loneliness, social isolation and living alone. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 10, 407-417.
Von Korff, M., Gruman, J., Schaefer, J., Curry, S. J., & Wagner, E. H. (1997). Collaborative management of chronic illness. Annals of Internal Medicine, 127, 1097-1102.
Vowles, K. E., Wetherell, J. L., & Sorrell, J. T. (2009). Targeting acceptance, mindfulness, and values-based action in chronic pain: Findings of two preliminary trials of an outpatient group-based intervention. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16, 49-58.
Wagner, E. H., Austin, B. T., Davis, C., Hindmarsh, M., Schaefer, J., & Bonomi, A. (2001). Improving chronic illness care: Translating evidence into action. Health Affairs, 20, 64-78.
Warwick, H. (1989). A cognitive-behavioural approach to hypochondriasis and health anxiety. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 33, 705-711.
Wells, A., & Papageorgiou, C. (2001). Social phobic interoception: Effects of bodily information on anxiety, beliefs and self-processing. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 1-11.
Werner, N. S., Duschek, S., Mattern, M., & Schandry, R. (2009). The relationship between pain perception and interoception. Journal of Psychophysiology, 23, 35-42.
Whitehead, W. E., & Drescher, V. M. (1980). Perception of gastric contractions and self‐control of gastric motility. Psychophysiology, 17, 552-558.
Wine, J. (1971). Test anxiety and direction of attention. Psychological Bulletin, 76, 92-104.
Williams, L. M., Liddell, B. J., Rathjen, J., Brown, K. J., Gray, J., Phillips, M., . . . Gordon, E. (2004). Mapping the time course of nonconscious and conscious perception of fear: An integration of central and peripheral Measures. Human Brain Mapping, 21, 64-74. doi: 10.1002/hbm.10154
Wrosch, C., Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Schulz, R. (2003). The importance of goal disengagement in adaptive self-regulation: When giving up is beneficial. Self and Identity, 2, 1-20.
Wrosch, C., Scheier, M. F., Miller, G. E., Schulz, R., & Carver, C. S. (2003). Adaptive self-regulation of unattainable goals: Goal disengagement, goal reengagement, and subjective well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1494-1508.
Yao, G., Chung, C.-W., Yu, C.-F., & Wang, J.-D. (2002). Development and verification of validity and reliability of the WHOQOL-BREF Taiwan version. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 101, 342-351.
Zaki, J., Davis, J. I., & Ochsner, K. N. (2012). Overlapping activity in anterior insula during interoception and emotional experience. NeuroImage, 62, 493-499. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.05.012
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
無相關點閱
 
QR Code
QRCODE

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

目前上線人數：373（臺灣：292，外國：81） ／ 本年度總使用人次：1166620 ／ 訪客人次（自102年09月）：67023154
國家圖書館著作權聲明 Copyright © 2013 All rights reserved.
本館地址: 100201臺北市中山南路20號． 本館地圖及交通資訊．
總機：(02)23619132．最佳瀏覽解析度為1024x768以上