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題名:知覺健康長者復原力與成功老化之研究
作者:張曉筱
作者(外文):ZHANG,XIAO-XIAO
校院名稱:東海大學
系所名稱:社會工作學系
指導教授:曾華源
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2017
主題關鍵詞:長者成功老化復原力elderssuccessful agingresilience
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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本研究以65歲及以上長者為研究對象,主要在探討:1.長者知覺成功老化與復原力之現況分析;2.不同個人背景特質的長者知覺成功老化與復原力之差異;3.長者個人背景特質與其成功老化及復原力之相關;4.長者個人背景特質及復原力對其成功老化之預測;5.長者復原力及復原力不同保護因素影響成功老化之關係。最後綜合研究結果,歸結長者之個人基本背景特質對成功老化的影響及復原力與成功老化之間的關係。
為達到上述目的與研究問題,本研究依據理論架構與文獻綜述之結果,編制研究問卷,採取問卷調查法進行研究。本研究以台中、彰化、武漢三個地區之65歲及以上的長者為研究對象,總計發放問卷930份,回收問卷875份(回收率為94.09%),有效問卷698 份(問卷有效率為75.05%)。本研究以描述性統計、差異分析、相關分析、結構模型分析等方法,分析討論討論與回答本研究之問題與研究假設。研究發現如下所述:
研究樣本分佈以女性、65-69歲、已婚、小學學歷長者為多數,平均年齡為 73.84 歲。另外研究參與者多數在經濟上較獨立,多以自己積蓄和離退休金為經濟來源。參與者約半數有宗教信仰,近半數患有高血壓,約三成長者受到病症對其生活的影響。
二、長者的個人背景變項,性別、年齡、婚姻狀況、教育程度、每月支出金額、宗教、病症影響對於長者復原力和成功老化皆有顯著差異。
三、社會參與促進復原力,復原力有助於成功老化。成功老化與復原力呈強相關,並且復原力越強,成功老化程度也越高。
四、生活中的壓力對長者成功老化有一定的負面作用,但增加社會參與可減輕壓力給長者成功老化帶來的負向影響。
五、復原力的保護因素對成功老化之影響隨著年齡不同而不同。當長者年齡為70歲之前時,自我效能對於成功老化的影響最大,當長者年齡為70歲之後時,樂觀豁達對成功老化之影響最大。年齡越大,樂觀豁達在長者成功老化中扮演越重要的角色。
根據上述研究結果,本研究為相關單位與社會工作者研究與實務等方面之參酌。
The subjects of the study is the elderly people aged 65 years or above.The main purpose of the study is to explore the relationship between the resilience and the successful aging of the elders.
To achieve the purpose, We have compiled questionnaires and studied by the method of questionnaire. These were based on the results of theoretical framework and literature review. In this study, we have chosen the elderly people aged 65 years or above in three cities as the research object, they are Wuhan, Taichung and Changhua. Each of the 930 subjects was given a questionnaire to fill out. A total of 875 questionnaires were returned (the recovery rate was 94.09%), and the valid questionnaires were 698 (the valid rate of the questionnaire was 75.05%). Descriptive statistics, difference analysis, correlation analysis and structural model analysis were used to analyze, discuss and answer questions and hypotheses in this study.
The finding of this study, were as follows:
1.The majority of the distribution of the participants was female, 65-69 years old, married and primary school educated, with an average age of 73.84 years. In addition, most of the participants were financially independent, with their own savings and retirement benefits as the source of the economy. About half of the participants  believed in religion, nearly half of them suffered from hypertension and about thirty percent of the participants' lives were affected by the disease.
2.There were significant differences in the individual background variables of the elderly (include“gender” , “age” , “marital status” , “education” , “monthly expenditure” , “religion” and “the impact of disease” ) to the resilience and the success of the elderly.
3.Social participation promotes resilience and resilience contributes to the success of aging. There is a strong correlation between successful aging and resilience, and the stronger the resilience, the higher the degree of successful aging.
4.The stress in life has a negative effect on the successful aging of the elderly, but increasing the social participation of the elderly can reduce the negative impact of stress.
5.The influence of protective factors of resilience on successful aging changes with age.If the elders are less than 70 years old, “self-efficacy” has the greatest impact on successful aging. If the elders are more than 70 years old, “optimistic and open-minded” has the greatest impact on successful aging. “Optimistic and open-minded” are playing a important role in the success of aging, and the older the man is, the more important it is to be optimistic and open-minded.
Based on the results of this study, several recommendations were made for research and practice of relevant units and social workers.
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