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題名:臉書社會比較之幸福感研究--自戀傾向為調節變項
作者:楊馥榮
作者(外文):YANG, FU-RUNG
校院名稱:臺北市立大學
系所名稱:教育學系
指導教授:危芷芬
唐日新
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2019
主題關鍵詞:臉書社會比較自戀傾向幸福感自尊生活滿意度Facebooksocial comparisonnarcissistic tendencywell-beingself-esteemlife satisfaction
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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近年許多研究探討使用Facebook與幸福感的關聯性,結果顯示使用Facebook影響幸福感,但使用Facebook增加幸福感或降低幸福感仍為莫衷一是的答案,比較向度及人格特質可能是影響使用Facebook幸福感的重要變項。本研究旨在探討大學生在Facebook情境之社會比較的幸福感,同時以自戀傾向為調節變項,以三因子完全受試者間實驗設計,探究自戀傾向(高自戀傾向及低自戀傾向)調節Facebook比較向度(能動性及合群性)及Facebook比較形式(向上比較及向下比較)對幸福感的影響。
本研究邀請211名大學生(男性88名,女性123名)參與適用於Facebook情境的中文版自尊與生活適應量表前測,建立量表的信、效度,供作正式的研究工具。其次研究者邀請126名大學生(男性46名,女性80名),依拉丁方格將四個Facebook情境不同排序,隨機分配大學生至四種Facebook情境序列之一,檢核Facebook情境的能動性及合群性的向上比較與向下比較,以修訂正式施測的Facebook情境。
正式研究以實驗設計方式邀請324名大學生(男性143名,女性181名),填寫Facebook使用行為量表、自戀傾向量表,再依大學生的心理性別,隨機分派至男性或女性版本的四種Facebook情境之一(能動性向上比較、能動性向下比較、合群性向上比較、合群性向下比較),大學生閱覽Facebook情境後,以Likert五點量表,填寫自尊量表、生活滿意度量表,以自尊量表及生活滿意度量表標準化分數平均得分,作為幸福感的指標。
本研究以描述性統計分析、相關分析、階層迴歸分析等統計方法,分析資料和驗證假設。將本研究獲致的研究結論,臚列如后:
一、華人文化大學生閱覽Facebook產生同化效應。大學生閱覽Facebook能動性或合群性向上比較提升幸福感,閱覽Facebook能動性或合群性向下比較降低幸福感,產生同化效應。
二、自戀傾向是Facebook比較向度及Facebook比較形式影響幸福感的調節變項。低自戀傾向在Facebook能動性比較向度,向上比較提升幸福感,向下比較降低幸福感的同化效應,高自戀傾向在Facebook合群性比較向度,向上比較提升幸福感,向下比較降低幸福感的同化效應。
三、自戀傾向在Facebook使用行為具有差異性,高自戀傾向者使用Facebook較多年、朋友數較多。
最後,本研究根據上述研究結果,提出具體可行的建議,以供學校教師及輔導人員、教育相關單位與後續研究之參考。
In recent years, researchers have become increasingly interested in the effects of Facebook use on the individual’s well-being. Many researchers agree that Facebook use influences individuals’ well-being; however, whether Facebook use increases or decreases well-being is under debated. This study investigated the relationship between college students' Facebook use and well-being from the perspective of social comparison, with narcissistic tendency as the moderating variable. It explored how narcissistic tendencies’ moderation of well-being for the social comparison domain (agency vs. communion) and for the social comparison direction (upward vs. downward) were related.
Firstly, a pretest study with 211 college students was used to assess the reliability and construct validity of scales. Secondly, a pilot study which consisted of 126 college students was used to assess the usefulness of experimental situations of Facebook social comparison domain (agency vs. communion) and directions (upward vs. downward), four experiments manipulated agency upward and downward and manipulated communion upward and downward using mocked-up Facebook profiles of a comparison target. Finally, 324 college students were invited to participants the official experiment and fill out Facebook usage behavior scale, narcissistic tendency scale, right after they finish viewing Facebook profile by experimental design. In the end, they were referred to completed self-esteem scale and life satisfaction scale.
The quantitative analysis of the questionnaires was conducted through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression to indicate the direction and relationship between the variables. The findings of the study were stated below:
1. While browsing Facebook profiles, college students in Taiwan arose "assimilation" effect, well-being increased after upward social comparison and decreased after downward social comparison.
2. Narcissistic tendency moderates social comparison domain (agency vs. communion) and social comparison direction (upward vs. downward). For individuals with low narcissistic tendencies on Facebook agency comparison, an assimilation effect was exhibited; for individuals with high narcissistic tendencies on Facebook communion comparison, an assimilation effect was exhibited.
3. Narcissism tendency was associated with the individual's Facebook usage behavior significantly. Students with higher level of narcissism tendency demonstrated longer usage and more number of friends.
Some suggestions for teachers and counselors, educational authorities and were also provided.
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