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題名:障礙者貧窮與生活保障議題之初探
作者:王玉如
作者(外文):WANG,YU-JU
校院名稱:國立中正大學
系所名稱:社會福利研究所
指導教授:王國羽
張世雄
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2020
主題關鍵詞:身心障礙者貧窮生活保障差異經濟收支disabilitypovertyliving allowancedifferencesincome and expenditure
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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身心障礙者落入貧窮的危機相較於非障礙者高,因為身心障礙人口與貧窮狀態呈現惡性循環的特質,但國內對障礙者貧窮實證資料相當少。這篇研究使用質性研究分析,深入訪談七個低收入身心障礙者家戶個案經濟每月收入及支出概況,透過身心礙權利公約CRPD第28條適足之生活水準與社會保障支出大項分析,聚焦瞭解貧窮障礙者生命脈絡及實際每月收支、支出項目狀況並企圖說明障礙者落入貧窮生活的風險與障礙本身狀態之間的關聯何在及障礙者因應外部環境改變的能力比較弱的原因是因為本身的障礙損傷或公共政策本身欠缺彈性。研究發現低收入的障礙者家戶收入不足支出,主要收入來源以補助為主,由結果顯示政府所給予的相關的補助及福利服務都無法支持低收入的障礙者家戶經濟。障礙者即便有工作,無法從事正職工作,只能從事臨時工作,主要原因來自障礙者因【障礙】限制。訪談障礙者家戶大部分都有欠債狀況。家戶的經濟支出以住宿及食物為主,維持其基本生存。障礙者本身因應外部環境改變能力較弱來自障礙的損傷,福利政策又欠缺彈性因應障礙的【差異】,雙重不利因素致貧窮障礙者陷入長期收支不足狀態,也衍生債務的產生,債務不斷的循環下,更讓貧窮者陷入貧窮深淵。回到CRPD第28條中適足之生活水準與社會保障條文中,我們應該思考的是身心障礙者享有社會保障之權利,政府需要思索透過各樣的方式補足障礙者社會保障。
Since disability and poverty are inextricably linked, people with disabilities have a higher risk of falling into poverty than people without disabilities. In Taiwan, there is less research about poverty involving people with disabilities. This study qualitative research analysis to conduct in-depth interviews about the life-course and the monthly income and expenditure profile of seven low-income people with disabilities, and focuses on the analysis of article 28 of CRPD (Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities).
Focus on understanding the actual monthly income and expenditure status of persons with disabilities in poverty , and attempt to illustrate the link between the risk of persons with disabilities falling poverty and the disability itself, and the weakness of the people with disabilities to respond to changes in the environment is due to its own disability or public policy.
The study that low income households with disabilities do not have less income than expenditure, the main source of income is through subsidies, and the government's related subsidies and welfare services do not support low-income families with disabilities. Even if people with disabilities have a job, they are unable to work full-time and can only work part-time, mainly because of the " limitations" of people with disabilities.
Household economic expenditures are dominated by housing and food to maintain their basic survival. The inability of people with disabilities to change in the external environment comes from the disability and the lack of flexibility in welfare policies to respond to them.
These two disadvantages cause the poor to fall into chronic income and expenditure, but also leads to the emergence of debt. This constant cycle of debt makes it impossible for the poor to get out of poverty. According to the recommendation of adequate living standards and social protection in Article 28 of the CRPD, we should think about the right of people with disabilities and the government needs to think about the various ways to promote their social protection.
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