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題名:政黨或選區﹖立法委員的代表取向與行為
書刊名:選舉研究
作者:盛杏湲 引用關係
作者(外文):Sheng, Shing-yuan
出版日期:2000
卷期:7:2
頁次:頁37-73
主題關鍵詞:大選區單記不可讓渡投票制代表取向代表行為政黨選區SNTV electoral systemRepresentative orientationsRepresentative behaviorParty in legislaturesConstituency
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(26) 博士論文(2) 專書(1) 專書論文(5)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:21
  • 共同引用共同引用:247
  • 點閱點閱:66
政黨與選區是國會議員在國會裡議事所面臨的兩股力量,這兩股力量以不同的程度與方式影響國會議員的代表行為。本文以我國立法委員的代表取向與代表行為為研究焦點,研究發現指出立法委員的代表型態自一九八○年代中期以來,有自政黨取向朝向選區取向轉變的趨勢,對此本文提出一個可能的原因:自有力的反對黨民進黨出現,黨際競爭促使黨內競爭的激烈化,促動了在SNTV選舉制度下的立委去建立個人選票的動機,從而,許多立委在立法院與選區積極表現自己以期獲得選民的注意與支持,有時甚至不惜與政黨的立場相違背。同時,根據對於第三屆立委的研究發現指出:第一,有大約三分之二的立委偏向選區取向,而僅有不到三分之一的立委偏向政黨取向;第二,立委的不同代表取向對其代表行為確實有很大的影響:政黨取向的立委較重視立法表現,而選區取向的立委較重視選區服務;同時,政黨取向的立委較選區取向的立委忠於政黨的立法領導;第三,個別立委的代表取向受到立委的得票方式、政黨歸屬、以及選區型態的影響,如果立委愈需要靠選區的力量才能當選,立委是國民黨籍,或者立委是來自於同質性較高的選區,將愈傾向採行選區取向的代表型態。
Party and constituency are two major forces faced by legislators. They influence legislators' representative behavior in different degrees and in different ways. This paper examines how these two forces influence Taiwanese legislators' representative styles and behavior. Research find-ings show that the representative styles of Taiwan's legislators have changed radically since the mid-1980s. Many legislators changed from a party-oriented style to a constituency-oriented style. This paper suggests a possible reason for this radical change. Legislators have to build their personal vote because they face intensive party competition resulted from the emergence of an opposition party, the DPP. The legislators under a single non-transferable vote system cannot count only on their party to get re-election. Most of them have to show their distinctive characteristics and hard-working in the legislative Yuan and in their constituency. They may even deviate from the party line to get attention and support from their constituencies sometimes. Based on a case study on the third term of legislators, this research has several findings. First, approximately two-thirds of the legislators are constituency-oriented, and less than one-third of the legislators are party-oriented. Secondly, the representative orienta-tions of legislators affect their representative behavior profoundly. Party-oriented legislators make more efforts in the law-making process, while constituency-oriented legislators make more efforts in their constituencies. Meanwhile, the party-oriented legislators follow the party line more than their constituency-oriented fellows do. Thirdly, the repre-sentative orientations of individual legislators are affected by their vote-getting styles, party affiliation, and constituency styles. The legislators who rely more on their constituency than party to get re-election, the leg-islators of KMT, and the legislators from homogeneous constituencies, are more likely to be constituency-oriented.
期刊論文
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8.謝相慶(1995)。單記不可移轉得票法下候選人的當選門檻及政黨提名策略:以我國第三屆立法委員選舉為例檢証。中山人文社會科學期刊,9,309-339。  延伸查詢new window
9.Cain, Bruce、Ferejohn, John、Fiorina, Morris(1986)。The Constituency Service Basis of the Personal Vote for U. S. Representatives and British Members of Parliament。The American Political Science Review,78(1),110-125。  new window
10.Crowe, Edward(1986)。The Web of Authority: Party Loyalty and Socialization in the British House of Commons。Legislative Studies Quarterly,11,161-186。  new window
11.Fiorina, Morris P.(1980)。The Decline of Collective Responsibility in American Politics。Daedalus,109(3),25-45。  new window
12.盛杏湲(19981100)。政黨配票與侯選人票源的集散度:一九八三年至一九九五年臺灣地區立法委員選舉的分析。選舉研究,5(2),73-102。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.盛杏湲(19970900)。國會議員的代表行為:研究方法的探討。問題與研究,36(9),37-58。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.盛杏湲(19970300)。立法委員的立法參與:概念、本質與測量。問題與研究,36(3),1-25。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.羅清俊(20000300)。猜猜看誰把醃肉帶回家了:補助款利益在縣市分配的分析。人文及社會科學集刊,12(1),1-45。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.盛杏湲(19991100)。立法問政與選區服務:第三屆立法委員代表行為的探討。選舉研究,6(2),89-120。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.羅清俊、萬榮水(19991100)。選舉與補助款的分配:綁樁?還是平衡地方財政?。選舉研究,6(2),121-161。new window  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.劉義周(1986)。國民黨責任區輔選制的效果:七十四年台北市議員選舉候選人得票率之分析。投票行為與選舉文化研討會,中國政治學會 。台北:中國政治學會。417-484。  延伸查詢new window
2.劉義周(1991)。國民黨責任區輔選制效果之研究。政黨政治與民主憲政研討會。臺北:民主基金會。269-298。  延伸查詢new window
3.周良黛(1994)。立法委員言論免責權的探討。國立政治大學政治學研究所四十週年學術研討會。台北:國立政治大學政治學研究所。27-68。  延伸查詢new window
4.雷飛龍(1991)。我國國會黨鞭制度。政黨政治與民主憲政學術研討會。民主基金會。63-82。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.黃秀端(1992)。立法委員對選區的認知和對選區的服務。  延伸查詢new window
2.財團法人國會觀察文教基金會(1998)。第三屆立法委員問政表現總評研究報告。財團法人國會觀察文教基金會。  延伸查詢new window
3.黃秀端(1998)。金權政治和立法院的財政、經濟與交通委員會 (計畫編號:NSC 85-2417-H-031-001)。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.李美賢(1989)。中華民國增額立法委員政治角色之研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.Sheng, Shing-Yuan(1996)。Electoral Competition and Legislative Participation: The Case of Taiwan(博士論文)。University of Michigan。  new window
3.黃麗香(1999)。國會政黨的組織誘因與立法團結:以第二屆立法院為例的探討(碩士論文)。東吳大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.Ho, Szu-Yin Benjamin(1986)。Legislative Politics of the Republic of China: 1970-1984(博士論文)。University of California,Santa Barbara。  new window
5.林淑慎(1994)。解嚴後立法院之功能研究(碩士論文)。文化大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Krehbiel, Keith(1991)。Information and Legislative Organization。Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press。  new window
2.Olson, David M.(1994)。Democratic Legislative Institutions: A Comparative View。M. E. Sharpe。  new window
3.Fenno, Richard F. Jr.(1973)。Congressmen in Committees。Boston, MA:Little, Brown & Co.。  new window
4.Kiewiet, D. Roderick、McCubbins, Mathew D.(1991)。The Logic of Delegation: Congressional Parties and the Appropriations Process。University of Chicago Press。  new window
5.Jacobson, Gary C.(1992)。The Politics of Congressional Elections。Boston:Little, Brown and Company。  new window
6.Ramseyer, J. Mark、Rosenbluth, France McCall(1993)。Japan's Political Marketplace。Harvard University Press。  new window
7.何思因(1993)。美英日提名制度與黨紀。台北:理論與政策雜誌社。  延伸查詢new window
8.Fenno, Richard F. Jr.(1978)。Home Style: House Members in Their Districts。Glenview, Illinois:Scott, Foresman and Company。  new window
9.Fiorina, Morris P.(1989)。Congress: Keystone of the Washington Establishment。Yale University Press。  new window
10.Cain, Bruce、Ferejohn, John、Fiorina, Morris(1987)。The Personal Vote: Constituency Service and Electoral Independence。Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press。  new window
11.許介鱗(1989)。政黨政治的秩序與倫理。台北:國家政策研究中心。  延伸查詢new window
12.新時代基金會增額立委問政表現評估小組(1990)。立法院擂臺。台北:時報文化出版企業有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
13.Clauen, Aage R.(1973)。How Congressmen Decide: A Policy Focus。New York:St. Martin's Press。  new window
14.Katz, Richard(1987)。Party Governments: European and American Experiences。Berlin:Walter de Gruyter。  new window
15.Kingdon, John W.(1989)。Congressmen's Voting Decisions。Ann Arbor:The University of Michigan Press。  new window
16.謝復生(1992)。政黨比例代表制。臺北市:理論與政策雜誌社。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.廖達琪(19970000)。立法院衝突現象論衡。高雄:復文。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.黃秀端(19940000)。選區服務:立法委員心目中連任之基礎。臺北:唐山。new window  延伸查詢new window
19.Cox, Gary W.、McCubbins, Matthew D.(1993)。Legislative Leviathan。CA:University of California。  new window
20.Mayhew, David R.(2004)。Congress: The Electoral Connection。Yale University Press。  new window
其他
1.立法院(1973)。立法院會議議事日程議事錄。  延伸查詢new window
2.立法院會計處(1999)。立法院公務統計提要。  延伸查詢new window
3.盛杏湲(1999)。政黨動員與立法政治。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Dodd, Richard(1977)。Congress and the Quest of Power。Congress Considered。New York:Praeger Publishers。  new window
2.盛杏湲(2000)。立法院委員會分配的影響因素與政治後果。政治制度。台北:中央研究院中山人文社會科學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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