本文從Luhmann的社會學系統理論以及George Spencer Brown的形式 理論出發重新思考，在現代社會中「引導」是否可能。現代社會的功能分化使得 社會學一再提出整合的問題以及尋求全社會的統一。行動理論的答案是，將功能 系統化約成行動者，並且賦予﹙集體﹚行動者以行動能力､意志､意圖､理性計 算能力等等。此理論是一種同一性的思考方式，建構出「引導主體-引導行動-引 導客體」三段式引導圖式。最簡單的引導是直接引導，主體與客體之間是不對稱 的。H. Willke以系統理論為基礎改善了直接引導﹙我們稱之為間接引導﹚，要求 尊重引導客體的自主性，引導者只能引導客體的環境。但是，間接引導的說法也 無法超越同一性的思考，以行動者､協商體系､組織幾個概念化約了系統理論所 指出的複雜性､偶連性。本文試圖重新回到Luhmann的理論來論證，引導是極 不可能的，而且，社會﹙尤其行動理論﹚中的引導論述本身正是在進行複雜性之 化約，為行動者帶來確定性。

　　　　　This paper, elaborating from Luhmann' s system theory and George Spencer Brown's form theory, tries to rethink if there is any possibility of "steering" in our modern society. The problem of functional differentiation in modern society has made sociologists, again and again, to indicating the issue of integration and finding the "unity of society". For this, the solution of action theory is to reduce functional system to be as an actor, and grant it ability of action, will, intention and ability of rational calculation, etc. The thinking of "identity" is applied by action theory to construct its "steering subject-steering action-steering object" triple steering schema. The simplest form of steering is direct steering, which is asymmetric between subject and object. Based on system theory, H. Willke reshape direct steering (actually, we call it indirect steering), calling for valuing the autonomy of steering object. The steering subject is only able to steer the environment of object. However, the argument of indirect steering still could not overtake the thinking of "identity" because it applies some simple concepts such as actor, negotiating system and organization to reduce complexity and contingency which indicated by system theory. Therefore, we want to review Luhmann' s theory for arguing that steering is impossible and societal steering discourse, especially in action theory, is reducing complexity and bring confirmation to actor.