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題名:均值人與離散人的觀念巴貝塔:統計社會學的兩個概念基石
書刊名:臺灣社會學
作者:葉啟政
作者(外文):Yeh, Chi-jeng
出版日期:2001
卷期:1
頁次:頁1-63
主題關鍵詞:大數法則均值人離散人平均類型理念類型Law of large numbersAverage manDispersive manAverage typeIdeal type
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(14) 博士論文(2) 專書(2) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:9
  • 共同引用共同引用:145
  • 點閱點閱:210
     本文兼顧西方統計思想與現代社會發展的歷史脈絡,對中央趨勢與離 散度這兩個統計社會學的核心概念進行知識社會學的考察。考察的起始點擺在代 表中央趨勢一概念之「均數」的歷史社會學內涵。首先,以Quetelet所提出的均 值人做為討論的起點,進而分析涂爾幹如何從均值人概念中發展出平均類型與集 體類型二概念。之後,再以平均類型與韋伯的理念類型的概念進行比較討論。 基本上,無論均數、平均類型或集體類型都是以社會具整體共識性之連帶凝聚為 基本假設,而以具效應性的結「果」立場來描繪由資產社會衍生的「社會」完形 圖像。至於理念類型,其所採取的策略則是以具主導歷史演進之因果能量的理念 為軸線,從「因」的動能立場來經營社會圖像的建構。但是,它的有效性卻是必 須透過具經驗意涵之平均類型來檢證才得以落實。最後,緊扣著當代大眾社會的 特質,為平均類型與理念類型二概念進行歷史性的定位,並討論統計概念在未來 社會中之意義妥當性的問題。
     The aim of the paper is to provide a sociological analysis of two key statistical concepts, namely central tendency and dispersion. In doing so, the development of modern Western statistical thought as well as the historical context of societal development itself are taken into consideration. The paper begins by examining the notion of "mean", particularly in reference to Quetelet's concept of the "average man", which has been widely regarded as the most historically significant indicator representative of the concept of central tendency. The issue how Durkheim elaborates Quetelet's notion and further develops the concepts of "average type" and "collective type" still needs to be justified. Obviously the justification can not be legitimized without a comparison Weber's notion of the "ideal type". For the concepts of average man, average type and collective type, a notion of solidarity with a nature of collective consensus has to be assumed in a way that the resultant effects of a given phenomenon are stressed. Historically speaking, these ideas are derived from the Gestalt image of "society" held in particular by the bourgeois class in 19th century Western European society. As to Weber's use of "ideal type", he takes a rather different strategy in which an idealized historical momentum is taken as a causal force to promote the formation of societal image. Yet, the empirical validity of "ideal type" is beyond reach if not combined with the examination of "average type" as a resultant phenomenon. Finally, the notions of "ideal type" and "average type" are discussed with particular reference to the nature of postmodern mass society. This will provide a foundation to a re-evaluate the meaningfulness and adequacy of statistical concepts as tools to describe and explain future societal configurations.
期刊論文
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2.葉啟政(19951200)。結構以外:歷史的社會學理路初探。二十一世紀,32,39-49。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Porter, Theodore M.(1985)。The mathematics of society: variation and error in Quetelet's statistics。British Journal for the History of Science,18,51-69。  new window
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17.葉啓政(19850900)。文化優勢的擴散與「中心-邊陲」對偶關係。中國社會學刊,9,1-24。new window  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.林峰燦(2000)。論現代貧窮的出現:一個人形想像的觀念史考察(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
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7.Zeitlin, I.(1995)。Ideology and the Development of Sociological Theory。Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:Prentice-Hall。  new window
8.葉啟政(2001)。傳統與現代的鬥爭遊戲。臺北:巨流。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.Stigler, Stephen M.(1986)。The History of Statistics: The Measurement of Uncertainty before 1900。Cambridge, Mass.:Belknap Press of Harvard University Press。  new window
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41.葉啟政(20040000)。進出「結構-行動」的困境--與當代西方社會學理論論述對話。臺北:三民。new window  延伸查詢new window
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44.Halbwachs, Maurice、Ditter, Francis J. Jr.、Ditter, Vida Yazdi(1980)。The Collective Memory。Harper。  new window
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圖書論文
1.葉啟政(1996)。臺灣地區社會學理論的發展及其潛在問題。兩岸三地社會學的發展與交流。臺北:臺灣社會學社。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Tolman, Edawrd C.(1951)。Psychology versus immediate experience。Collected Papers in Psychology。Berkeley, Ca:University of California Press。  new window
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4.Porter, Theodore M.(1987)。Lawless society: social science and the reinterpretation of statistics in Germany, 1850-1880。The Probabilistic Revolution, Volume 1: Ideas in History。Cambridge:The MIT Press。  new window
5.Neyman, Jerzy(1976)。The emergence of mathematical statistics: a historical sketch with particular reference to the United States。On the History of Statistics and Probability。New York:Marcel Dekker。  new window
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7.Lundberg, George A.(1940)。Statistics in modern social thought。Contemporary Social Theory。New York:Appleton-Century。  new window
8.Lazarsfeld, Paul F.(1972)。Notes on the history of concept formation。Qualitative Analysis: Historical and Critical Essays。Boston:Allyn and Bacon。  new window
9.Lazarsfeld, Paul F.(1982)。Notes on the history of quantification in sociology-trends, sources, and problems。The Varied Sociology of Paul F. Lazarsfeld。New York:Columbia University press。  new window
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14.Boudon, Rymond(1972)。An introduction to Lazarsfeld's philosophical papers。Qualitative Analysis: Historical and Critical Essays。Boston:Allyn and Bacon。  new window
15.葉啟政(19910000)。「創造性轉化」的社會學解析。制度化的社會邏輯。臺北:東大。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.葉啟政(1994)。期待黎明--對近代中國文化出路之主張的社會學初析。文化中國:理念與實踐。台北:允晨。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.葉啟政(1984)。近代中國文化面臨的困境。社會、文化與知識份子。臺北:東大。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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