Moral crisis was an urgent problem in the late Ming Dynasty. At that time, the society was undergoing a transition with lots of turbulences. The Fedualistic Neo-Confucianism was beginning to decline, but the new value system had not been established; the entire society fell into an ethical perplexity. Confucianism has been the criterion and foundation of Chinese values. Although Confucianism retained the idea of respecting heaven, its content was mainly a political and ethical theory that served feudal emperors. In its documents, there were no propositions relation to the origin and the ultimate concern of the cosmos, and Confucius refused to discuss metaphysical problems such as life and death, devil and spirit, etc. In short, Chinese morality doesn't have any kinds of religious belief as the basis of its values. The Buddhist theory of the retribution seemed to have provided a basis of values for a while, but due to its alienation and anti-social tendency; it could not improve the moral condition of the people. The Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynasties transformed the ideas of “Heaven” and “Supreme Being” (worshiped and believed by ancient Chinese people) into abstract categories of philosophy, such as “the Great Ultimate”, “Principle”, “Material Force”, “Way” and “Mind”, etc. Although it elevated the speculativeness of Confucianism, it also reduced its religious holiness at the same time, making it more difficult to provide the value basis for Chinese morality. Certainly, this is also one of the important reasons why morality decayed at that time. Catholicism was re-introduced into China by the Jesuits headed by Matheo Riccui. To re-establish the value system, some official literati represented by Xu Guangqi suggested supplementing the defects of Confucianism and replacing Buddhism with Catholicism. They attempted to replace the nihility of Buddhism and Taoism with the substantial existence of the universal origin and the real value of morality; besides, they also wished to change the social customs and people's spirit so as to make the moral ideal widely accepted by the entire society.